Sporulation

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Genes in this functional category

Spore coat proteins

Class I

  • these proteins completly cover the membrane around the forespore
  • early localizing spore coat proteins

Class II

  • these proteins localize simultaneously with the class I proteins but begin to encase the spore only after engulfment is complete
  • early localizing spore coat proteins

Class III

  • these proteins localize simultaneously with the class I and class II proteins but start to encase the spore only after the appearance of phase dark spores (hr 4.5)
  • early localizing spore coat proteins

Class IV

  • late localizing spore coat proteins (only after completion of engulfment)
  • intermediate between classes III and V

Class V

  • late localizing spore coat proteins (only after completion of engulfment)
  • localize exclusively to phase dark spores
  • localize simultaneously to both poles of the spore

Class VI

  • late localizing spore coat proteins (only after completion of engulfment)
  • most delayed initial localization
  • localize excluseively to phase bright spores

not yet assigned

Important publications on the spore coat


Spore coat protein/ based on similarity

Small acid-soluble spore proteins

Non-homologous end joining DNA repair

Sporulation proteins/ other


Newly identified sporulation proteins (based on transcription profiling)

Important reviews


Important original publications

Jordi van Gestel, Martin A Nowak, Corina E Tarnita
The evolution of cell-to-cell communication in a sporulating bacterium.
PLoS Comput Biol: 2012, 8(12);e1002818
[PubMed:23284278] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Wishwas Abhyankar, Alex Ter Beek, Henk Dekker, Remco Kort, Stanley Brul, Chris G de Koster
Gel-free proteomic identification of the Bacillus subtilis insoluble spore coat protein fraction.
Proteomics: 2011, 11(23);4541-50
[PubMed:21905219] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Langyong Mao, Shantong Jiang, Bin Wang, Liang Chen, Qin Yao, Keping Chen
Protein profile of Bacillus subtilis spore.
Curr Microbiol: 2011, 63(2);198-205
[PubMed:21667307] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Daisuke Imamura, Ritsuko Kuwana, Hiromu Takamatsu, Kazuhito Watabe
Proteins involved in formation of the outermost layer of Bacillus subtilis spores.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(16);4075-80
[PubMed:21665972] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)


Important web site: SporeWeb

  • SporeWeb is a dynamic web-based platform describing all stages of sporulation in B. subtilis from a gene regulatory point of view. The website is intended for all microbial researches interested in bacterial sporulation and/or gene regulatory networks and contains useful information for both sporulation experts and non-experts.
  • You can find:
    • detailed review-like descriptions of all sporulation stages,
    • schematic representations of regulatory events during every stage,
    • links to specific regulators and their regulons,
    • access to detailed Excel sheets of all sporulation-specific regulons,
    • Cytoscape-generated layouts of regulon interactions during a specific stage,
    • a tool to generate your own Cytoscape interaction figure for specific genes of interest,
    • heat maps showing expression values of all sporulation genes during the sporulation cycle (derived from Nicolas et al., 2012),
    • direct links to other knowledge platforms, such as SubtiWiki,
    • an extensive list of references for further detailed information.
  • The website is self explanatory, but you can also take a quick look at the short introduction video.
  • Importantly, the website is database driven: it can (and will) be updated as new exciting insights become available in literature.

Robyn T Eijlander, Anne de Jong, Antonina O Krawczyk, Siger Holsappel, Oscar P Kuipers
SporeWeb: an interactive journey through the complete sporulation cycle of Bacillus subtilis.
Nucleic Acids Res: 2014, 42(Database issue);D685-91
[PubMed:24170806] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)


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