BirA

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  • Description: trigger enzyme: transcriptional repressor of the biotin operon / biotin-protein ligase

Gene name birA
Synonyms
Essential yes PubMed
Product trigger enzyme: transcriptional repressor/ biotin-protein ligase
Function regulation of biotin synthesis, addition of biotin to proteins
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: birA
MW, pI 36 kDa, 6.769
Gene length, protein length 975 bp, 325 aa
Immediate neighbours panB, cca
Sequences Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context
BirA context.gif
This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed
BirA expression.png















Categories containing this gene/protein

biosynthesis of lipids, biosynthesis of cofactors, transcription factors and their control, trigger enzyme, essential genes

This gene is a member of the following regulons

Spx regulon

The BirA regulon

The gene

Basic information

  • Locus tag: BSU22440

Phenotypes of a mutant

essential PubMed

Database entries

  • DBTBS entry: no entry
  • SubtiList entry: [1]

Additional information

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

  • Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
    • transcriptional repressor of the bioW-bioA-bioF-bioD-bioB-bioI-ytbQ operon PubMed and
    • ATP + biotin + apo-[acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)] = AMP + diphosphate + [acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)] (according to Swiss-Prot)
  • Protein family: pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family (according to Swiss-Prot)
  • Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

  • Kinetic information:
  • Domains:
  • Modification:
  • Cofactor(s):
  • Effectors of protein activity:

Database entries

  • Structure:
  • KEGG entry: [2]

Additional information

Expression and regulation

  • Regulation:
    • induced by diamide stess (thiol depletion) (Spx) PubMed
  • Regulatory mechanism:
  • Additional information:

Biological materials

  • Mutant:
  • Expression vector:
  • lacZ fusion:
  • GFP fusion:
  • two-hybrid system:
  • Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

Your additional remarks

References

Reviews

Steven Lin, John E Cronan
Closing in on complete pathways of biotin biosynthesis.
Mol Biosyst: 2011, 7(6);1811-21
[PubMed:21437340] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Original publications

Vandana Chakravartty, John E Cronan
The wing of a winged helix-turn-helix transcription factor organizes the active site of BirA, a bifunctional repressor/ligase.
J Biol Chem: 2013, 288(50);36029-39
[PubMed:24189073] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ahmed Gaballa, Haike Antelmann, Chris J Hamilton, John D Helmann
Regulation of Bacillus subtilis bacillithiol biosynthesis operons by Spx.
Microbiology (Reading): 2013, 159(Pt 10);2025-2035
[PubMed:23894131] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ahmed Gaballa, Gerald L Newton, Haike Antelmann, Derek Parsonage, Heather Upton, Mamta Rawat, Al Claiborne, Robert C Fahey, John D Helmann
Biosynthesis and functions of bacillithiol, a major low-molecular-weight thiol in Bacilli.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2010, 107(14);6482-6
[PubMed:20308541] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

J M Lee, S Zhang, S Saha, S Santa Anna, C Jiang, J Perkins
RNA expression analysis using an antisense Bacillus subtilis genome array.
J Bacteriol: 2001, 183(24);7371-80
[PubMed:11717296] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J B Perkins, S Bower, C L Howitt, R R Yocum, J Pero
Identification and characterization of transcripts from the biotin biosynthetic operon of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1996, 178(21);6361-5
[PubMed:8892842] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Bower, J B Perkins, R R Yocum, C L Howitt, P Rahaim, J Pero
Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the Bacillus subtilis biotin biosynthetic operon.
J Bacteriol: 1996, 178(14);4122-30
[PubMed:8763940] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Bower, J Perkins, R R Yocum, P Serror, A Sorokin, P Rahaim, C L Howitt, N Prasad, S D Ehrlich, J Pero
Cloning and characterization of the Bacillus subtilis birA gene encoding a repressor of the biotin operon.
J Bacteriol: 1995, 177(9);2572-5
[PubMed:7730294] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)