Cofactors

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NAD+

NADP+

FAD

FMN

Flavoproteins


S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)

Biotin

Calcium

Copper

Nickel

Mark A Farrugia, Lee Macomber, Robert P Hausinger
Biosynthesis of the urease metallocenter.
J Biol Chem: 2013, 288(19);13178-85
[PubMed:23539618] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Harini Kaluarachchi, Kim C Chan Chung, Deborah B Zamble
Microbial nickel proteins.
Nat Prod Rep: 2010, 27(5);681-94
[PubMed:20442959] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Stephen W Ragsdale
Nickel-based Enzyme Systems.
J Biol Chem: 2009, 284(28);18571-5
[PubMed:19363030] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)


Manganese

dimanganic-tyrosyl radical cofactor

Zinc

MoCo (molybdenum cofactor, molybdopterin)

Iron-sulfur cluster

Heme A

Heme b

Protoheme IX

Thiamine pyrophosphate, TPP

E1 subunits of ketoacid dehydrogenases/ acetoin dehydrogenase

Lipoic acid

E2 subunits of ketoacid dehydrogenases/ acetoin dehydrogenase

H protein of the glycine cleavage system

  • GcvH (also required for LipL-catalyzed octanoyl transfer from AcpA to the E2s)

Pyridoxyl phosphate, PLP

Tetrahydrofalate

Methylene-THF