Difference between revisions of "Easter egg"

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* '''Description:''' enolase, glycolytic/ gluconeogenic enzyme, [[universally conserved protein]]<br/><br/>
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{{CategoryTree
 
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|Parents=
{| align="right" border="1" cellpadding="2"
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* 1. [[Cellular processes]]
|-
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** 1.2. [[Transporters]]
|style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"|'''Gene name'''
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|Neighbours=
|''eno''
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* 1.2.1. [[ABC transporters]]
|-
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* 1.2.2. [[Phosphotransferase systems]]
|style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''Synonyms''' || '' ''
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* 1.2.3. [[Transporters/ other]]
|-
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|Related=
|style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''Essential''' || no
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* [[PRD-containing transcription factors]]
|-
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* [[transport proteins]]
|style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''Product''' || enolase
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* [[trigger enzymes]]  
|-
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|}}
|style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"|'''Function''' || enzyme in glycolysis/ gluconeogenesis
 
|-
 
|colspan="2" style="background:#FAF8CC;" align="center"| '''Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in [[SubtiPathways|''Subti''Pathways]]: <br/>[http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/pathways/carbon_flow.html Central C-metabolism]'''
 
|-
 
|style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''MW, pI''' || 46,4 kDa, 4.49
 
|-
 
|style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''Gene length, protein length''' || 1290 bp, 430 amino acids
 
|-
 
|style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"|'''Immediate neighbours''' || ''[[yvbK]]'', ''[[pgm]]''
 
|-
 
|colspan="2" style="background:#FAF8CC;" align="center"|'''Get the DNA and protein [http://srs.ebi.ac.uk/srsbin/cgi-bin/wgetz?-e+&#91;EMBLCDS:CAB15395&#93;+-newId sequences] <br/> (Barbe ''et al.'', 2009)'''
 
|-
 
|colspan="2" | '''Genetic context''' <br/> [[Image:eno_context.gif]]
 
<div align="right"> <small>This image was kindly provided by [http://genolist.pasteur.fr/SubtiList/ SubtiList]</small></div>
 
|-
 
|}
 
  
 
__TOC__
 
__TOC__
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<br><br>
 +
=The PEP:Sugar Phosphotransferase System=
  
<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
+
'''The PTS is a sugar transport system that couples the transport of a sugar to its phosphorylation. The phosphate group is derived from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and transferred via the general PTS proteins [[ptsI|Enzyme I]] ([[ptsI|EI]]) and [[ptsH|HPr]] to the substrate-specific Enzymes II (EII) to the incoming sugars.'''
 
 
 
 
=The gene=
 
 
 
=== Basic information ===
 
 
 
* '''Locus tag:''' BSU33900
 
 
 
===Phenotypes of a mutant ===
 
* no growth on LB, requires glucose and malate
 
* essential according to Kobayashi et al. on LB  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12682299 PubMed]
 
 
 
=== Database entries ===
 
 
 
* '''DBTBS entry:''' [http://dbtbs.hgc.jp/COG/prom/cggR-gapA-pgk-tpiA-pgm-eno.html]
 
 
 
* '''SubtiList entry:''' [http://genolist.pasteur.fr/SubtiList/genome.cgi?gene_detail+BG10899]
 
 
 
=== Additional information===
 
 
 
=The protein=
 
 
 
=== Basic information/ Evolution ===
 
 
 
* '''Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:''' 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H<sub>2</sub>O (according to Swiss-Prot) 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H(2)O
 
 
 
* '''Protein family:''' enolase family (according to Swiss-Prot)
 
 
 
* '''Paralogous protein(s):'''
 
 
 
=== Extended information on the protein ===
 
 
 
* '''Kinetic information:''' reversible Michaelis-Menten [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/25885 PubMed]
 
 
 
* '''Domains:'''
 
** substrate binding domain (366–369)
 
 
 
* '''Modification:''' phosphorylation on Thr-141 AND Ser-259 AND Tyr-281 AND Ser-325 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/17218307 PubMed], [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16493705 PubMed], [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17726680 PubMed]
 
 
 
* '''Cofactor(s):''' Mg2+
 
 
 
* '''Effectors of protein activity:'''
 
** Inhibited by EDTA [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/25885 PubMed]
 
 
 
* '''Interactions:''' [[Eno]]-[[PfkA]] {{PubMed|19193632}}, [[Eno]]-[[Rny]] {{PubMed|19193632}}, [[Eno]]-[[CshA]] {{PubMed|20572937}}
 
 
 
* '''Localization:''' cytoplasm [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/16479537 PubMed] and membrane associated [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/18763711 PubMed], exported {{PubMed|15003462}}
 
 
 
=== Database entries ===
 
 
 
* '''Structure:''' [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/cgi/explore.cgi?pdbId=1W6T 1W6T] (from ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'') {{PubMed|15476816}}
 
 
 
* '''UniProt:''' [http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P37869 P37869]
 
 
 
* '''KEGG entry:''' [http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?bsu:BSU33900]
 
 
 
* '''E.C. number:''' [http://www.expasy.org/enzyme/4.2.1.11 4.2.1.11]
 
 
 
=== Additional information===
 
* Enolase is a [[moonlighting proteins|moonlighting protein]]. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/19193632 PubMed]
 
* There are indications that this enzyme is an octamer [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/25885 PubMed]
 
* [[universally conserved protein]]
 
 
 
=Expression and regulation=
 
 
 
* '''Operon:'''
 
** ''[[cggR]]-[[gapA]]-[[pgk]]-[[tpiA]]-[[pgm]]-[[eno]]'' {{PubMed|11489127}}
 
** ''[[pgk]]-[[tpiA]]-[[pgm]]-[[eno]]'' {{PubMed|11489127}}
 
 
 
* '''Sigma factor:''' [[SigA]] {{PubMed|11489127}}
 
 
 
* '''Regulation:'''
 
** expression activated by glucose (3.3 fold) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12850135 PubMed] 
 
** ''[[cggR]]'': induced by glycolytic substrates [[CggR]] {{PubMed|11489127}}
 
** ''[[pgk]]'': constitutive {{PubMed|11489127}}
 
 
 
* '''Regulatory mechanism:''' transcription repression by [[CggR]] {{PubMed|11489127}}
 
 
 
* '''Additional information:'''
 
 
 
=Biological materials =
 
 
 
* '''Mutant:'''
 
** GP594 (''eno''::''cat''), available in [[Stülke]] lab
 
** GP599 (''eno''::''erm''), available in [[Stülke]] lab
 
** GP698 (''eno''-''[[pgm]]''::''cat''), available in [[Stülke]] lab
 
 
 
* '''Expression vector:'''
 
** pGP1426 (expression of ''eno'' in ''B. subtilis'', in [[pBQ200]]), available in [[Stülke]] lab
 
** pGP399 (expression of ''eno'' from ''E. coli'' in ''B. subtilis'', in [[pBQ200]]), available in [[Stülke]] lab
 
** pGP563 (N-terminal His-tag, in [[pWH844]]), available in [[Stülke]] lab
 
** pGP93 (N-terminal Strep-tag, purification from ''B. subtilis'', for [[SPINE]], in [[pGP380]]), available in [[Stülke]] lab
 
** pGP1500 (expression of ''[[pgm]]'' and ''[[eno]]'' in ''B. subtilis'', in [[pBQ200]]), available in [[Stülke]] lab
 
 
 
* '''lacZ fusion:'''
 
** see ''[[pgk]]''
 
  
* '''GFP fusion:''' pHT315-yfp-eno, available in [[Mijakovic]] lab
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'''In addition to its role in sugar transport, the PTS is also involved in the regulation of carbon metabolism.'''
  
* '''two-hybrid system:''' ''B. pertussis'' adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system ([[BACTH]]), available in [[Stülke]] lab
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==General PTS proteins==
 +
* [[ptsI|Enzyme I]]
 +
* [[ptsH|HPr]]
  
* '''Antibody:''' available in [[Stülke]] lab
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==Sugar specific PTS proteins==
 +
* [[PtsG]]: glucose permease, EIICBA
 +
* [[GamP]]: glucosamine permease, EIICBA
 +
* [[MurP]]: N-acetyl muramic acid-specific phosphotransferase system, EIIBC component
 +
* [[MtlA]], [[MtlF]]: mannitol permease
 +
* [[GmuA]], [[GmuB]], [[GmuC]]: galactomannan permease
 +
* [[TreP]]: trehalose permease
 +
* [[MalP]]: maltose permease
 +
* [[FruA]]: fructose permease
 +
* [[ManP]]: mannose permease
 +
* [[NagP]]: N-acetylglucosamine permease, EIICB component
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* [[LevD]], [[LevE]], [[LevF]], [[LevG]]: fructose permease
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* [[SacP]]: sucrose permease (high affinity)
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* [[SacY]]: sucrose permease (low affinity)
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* [[LicA]], [[LicB]], [[LicC]]: lichenan permease
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* [[BglP]]: ß-glucoside permease
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* [[YpqE]]: unknown EIIA component
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* [[YwbA]]: unknown EIIC component
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* [[YyzE]]: unknown PTS protein
  
=Labs working on this gene/protein=
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==Proteins closely related to the PTS==
 +
* [[Crh]]: [[ptsH|HPr]]-like protein with exculsively regulatory functions (His-15 is not conserved
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* [[HprK]]: [[ptsH|HPr]]-kinase, key factor for carbon catabolite repression
  
[[Stülke|Jörg Stülke]], University of Göttingen, Germany
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==Non-PTS proteins controlled by PTS-dependent phosphorylation==
[http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~genmibio/stuelke.html Homepage]
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* [[PRD-containing transcription factors]]
 +
* [[GlpK]]
  
=Your additional remarks=
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==The PTS in [[SubtiPathways|''Subti''Pathways]]==
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* [http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/pathways/carbon_flow.html Central C-metabolism]
 +
* [http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/pathways/carbohydrate_metabolic_pathways.html Sugar catabolism]
  
=References=
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==Relevant Reviews==
==Reviews==
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<pubmed>17158705 9871918 9663674 10627040 11532441 16339738 </pubmed>
<pubmed> 8994873 </pubmed>
 
==Subcellular localization of enolase==
 
<pubmed> 16479537 18763711 15003462 20497499 </pubmed>
 
==Other original publications==
 
<pubmed> 17726680, 17218307, 12850135, 19193632, 11489127, 8021172, 17505547, 25885, 20572937 15476816 9988532 </pubmed>
 
  
[[Category:Protein-coding genes]]
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== Genes in this functional category ==
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* [[murP]]
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* [[gamP]]
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* [[mtlA]]
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* [[mtlF]]
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* [[gmuB]]
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* [[gmuA]]
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* [[gmuC]]
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* [[nagP]]
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* [[treP]]
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* [[malP]]
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* [[manP]]
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* [[ptsG]]
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* [[ptsH]]
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* [[ptsI]]
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* [[fruA]]
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* [[ypqE]]
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* [[levG]]
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* [[levF]]
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* [[levE]]
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* [[levD]]
 +
* [[sacP]]
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* [[ywbA]]
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* [[sacX]]
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* [[licA]]
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* [[licC]]
 +
* [[licB]]
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* [[bglP]]
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* [[yyzE]]

Revision as of 13:13, 29 November 2010

Parent categories
Neighbouring categories
Related categories



The PEP:Sugar Phosphotransferase System

The PTS is a sugar transport system that couples the transport of a sugar to its phosphorylation. The phosphate group is derived from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and transferred via the general PTS proteins Enzyme I (EI) and HPr to the substrate-specific Enzymes II (EII) to the incoming sugars.

In addition to its role in sugar transport, the PTS is also involved in the regulation of carbon metabolism.

General PTS proteins

Sugar specific PTS proteins

  • PtsG: glucose permease, EIICBA
  • GamP: glucosamine permease, EIICBA
  • MurP: N-acetyl muramic acid-specific phosphotransferase system, EIIBC component
  • MtlA, MtlF: mannitol permease
  • GmuA, GmuB, GmuC: galactomannan permease
  • TreP: trehalose permease
  • MalP: maltose permease
  • FruA: fructose permease
  • ManP: mannose permease
  • NagP: N-acetylglucosamine permease, EIICB component
  • LevD, LevE, LevF, LevG: fructose permease
  • SacP: sucrose permease (high affinity)
  • SacY: sucrose permease (low affinity)
  • LicA, LicB, LicC: lichenan permease
  • BglP: ß-glucoside permease
  • YpqE: unknown EIIA component
  • YwbA: unknown EIIC component
  • YyzE: unknown PTS protein

Proteins closely related to the PTS

  • Crh: HPr-like protein with exculsively regulatory functions (His-15 is not conserved
  • HprK: HPr-kinase, key factor for carbon catabolite repression

Non-PTS proteins controlled by PTS-dependent phosphorylation

The PTS in SubtiPathways

Relevant Reviews


Genes in this functional category