Sandbox

• Description: catabolic glutamate dehydrogenase induced by arginine, ornithine or proline, subject to carbon catabolite repression
  
  

Gene name	rocG
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	glutamate dehydrogenase (major)
Function	arginine utilization, controls the activity of GltC
MW, pI	46.2 kDa, 6.28
Gene length, protein length	1272 bp, 424 amino acids
Immediate neighbours	yweA, rocA
Gene sequence (+200bp) corrected	Protein sequence
Genetic context

The gene

Basic information

• Coordinates: 3879765 - 3881036

Phenotypes of a mutant

Poor growth on complex media such as LB. No growth in minimal media with arginine as the only carbon source. Rapid accumulation of suppressor mutants (gudB1)

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: L-glutamate + H(2)O + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + NH(3) + NADH, controls the activity of the GltC transcription activator PubMed

• Protein family: Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family

• Paralogous protein(s): GudB

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions: RocG-GltC, this interaction prevents transcription activation of the gltAB operon by GltC PubMed

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure:

• Swiss prot entry: [3]

• KEGG entry: [4]

• E.C. number: [5]

Expression and regulation

• Operon: rocG

• Sigma factor: SigL PubMed

• Regulation: induced by arginine (RocR, AhrC), ornithine or proline, subject to carbon catabolite repression (CcpA)

• Regulatory mechanism: RocR: transcription activation PubMedPubMed; AhrC: transcription activation ; CcpA: transcription repression

• Additional information:

Activation by RocR requires binding of RocG to a downstream element PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant: GP747 (spc), GP726 (aphA3), available in Stülke lab

• Expression vector: pGP902 (in pGP172, N-terminal Strep-tag), a series of rocG variants is also available in pGP172, available in Stülke lab

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system: B. pertussis adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system (BACTH), available in Stülke lab

• Antibody: available in Stülke lab

Labs working on this gene/protein

Linc Sonenshein, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA Homepage

Jörg Stülke, University of Göttingen, Germany Homepage

References

1. Commichau, F. M., Wacker, I., Schleider, J., Blencke, H.-M., Reif, I., Tripal, P., and Stülke, J. (2007) Characterization of Bacillus subtilis mutants with carbon source-independent glutamate biosynthesis. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 12: 106-113. PubMed
2. Commichau, F. M., Herzberg, C., Tripal, P., Valerius, O., and Stülke, J. (2007) A regulatory protein-protein interaction governs glutamate biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis: The glutamate dehydrogenase RocG moonlights in controlling the transcription factor GltC. Mol Microbiol 65: 642-654. PubMed
3. Commichau, F. M., Gunka, K., Landmann, J. J. & Stülke, J. (2008) Glutamate metabolism in Bacillus subtilis: Gene expression and enzyme activities evolved to avoid futile cycles and to allow rapid responses to perturbations in the system. J. Bacteriol. 190: 3557-3564. PubMed
4. Herzberg, C., Flórez Weidinger, L. A., Dörrbecker, B., Hübner, S., Stülke, J. & Commichau, F. M. (2007) SPINE: A method for the rapid detection and analysis of protein-protein interactions in vivo. Proteomics 7: 4032-4035. PubMed
5. Ali, N. O., J. Jeusset, E. Larquet, E. le Cam, B. Belitsky, A. L. Sonenshein, T. Msadek, and M. Débarbouillé. 2003. Specificity of the interaction of RocR with the rocG-rocA intergenic region in Bacillus subtilis. Microbiology 149: 739-750. PubMed
6. Belitsky BR, Sonenshein AL (1998) Role and regulation of Bacillus subtilis glutamate dehydrogenase genes. J Bacteriol 180:6298-6305 PubMed
7. Belitsky BR, Sonenshein, AL: An enhancer element located downstream of the major glutamate dehydrogenase gene of Bacillus subtilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999, 96:10290-10295. PubMed
8. Belitsky BR, Sonenshein, AL: CcpA-dependent regulation of Bacillus subtilis glutamate dehydrogenase gene expression. J Bacteriol 2004, 186:3392-3398. PubMed
9. Belitsky BR, Sonenshein AL (2004) Modulation of activity of Bacillus subtilis regulatory proteins GltC and TnrA by glutamate dehydrogenase. J Bacteriol 186:3399-3407 PubMed
10. Khan, M. I., K. Ito, H. Kim, H. Ashida, T. Ishikawa, H. Shibata, and Y. Sawa. 2005. Molecular properties and enhancement of thermostability by random mutagenesis of glutamate dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 69: 1861-1870. PubMed
11. Stillman TJ, Baker PJ, Britton KL, Rice DW Conformational flexibility in glutamate dehydrogenase. Role of water in substrate recognition and catalysis. J Mol Biol 1993, 234:1131-1139. PubMed