Cofactors

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NAD+

NADP+

FAD

S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)

Biotin

Calcium

Copper

Nickel


Manganese

dimanganic-tyrosyl radical cofactor

Zinc

MoCo (molybdenum cofactor, molybdopterin)

Iron-sulfur cluster

Heme A

Heme b

Protoheme IX

Thiamine pyrophoshate, TPP

E1 subunits of ketoacid dehydrogenases/ acetoin dehydrogenase

Lipoic acid

E2 subunits of ketoacid dehydrogenases/ acetoin dehydrogenase

H protein of the glycine cleavage system

  • GcvH (also required for LipL-catalyzed octanoyl transfer from AcpA to the E2s)

pyridoxyl phosphate

tetrahydrofalate

methylene-THF