Spo0A

• Description: phosphorelay regulator, initiation of sporulation, coordinates DNA replication and initiation of sporulation by binding to sites close to the oriC
  
  

Gene name	spo0A
Synonyms	spo0C, spo0G, spoIIL, sof-1
Essential	no
Product	phosphorelay response regulator
Function	initiation of sporulation
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: spo0A
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: Spo0A
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: Biofilm, Nucleotides (regulation), Ammonium/ glutamate, Central C-metabolism,Sugar catabolism, Phosphorelay, Stress, tRNA charging,Lipid synthesis, Protein secretion
MW, pI	29 kDa, 5.989
Gene length, protein length	801 bp, 267 aa
Immediate neighbours	yqiG, spoIVB
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

transcription factors and their control, phosphorelay, biofilm formation, phosphoproteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

SigH regulon, Spo0A regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU24220

Phenotypes of a mutant

• inactivation of spo0A restores beta-lactam resistance in a sigM mutant PubMed
• altered cell death pattern in colonies PubMed

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • activation of gene expression at the onset of sporulation (Spo0A regulon)
  • coordination between DNA replication and initiation of sporulation by binding to sites close to the oriC (this limits re-initiation of replication) PubMed

• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification: receives phosphorylation from Spo0B, dephosphorylation by Spo0E, direct phosphorylation by KinC upon potassium leakage PubMed

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:
  • the phosphorylation state affects DNA binding activity
  • interaction with MecA inhibits the transcriptional activity of Spo0A∼P PubMed

• Interactions:
  • KinC-Spo0A PubMed
  • Spo0A-Spo0E PubMed
  • Spo0A-SigA PubMed
  • Spo0A-Spo0B
  • SinI-Spo0A PubMed
  • MecA-Spo0A PubMed

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure: 1QMP (with phosphorylated aspartate, Geobacillus stearothermophilus), 1FC3 (trans-activation domain, Geobacillus stearothermophilus), 1LQ1 (complex with DNA)

• UniProt: P06534

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: spo0A PubMed

• Expression browser: spo0A PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed, SigH PubMed

• Regulation:
  • repressed under conditions that trigger sporulation (Spo0A) PubMed
  • repressed by casamino acids PubMed
  • repressed by SinR overexpression PubMed
  • repressed by soj PubMed
  • expression increases when drowth rate declines PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • Spo0A: transcription repression PubMed
  • Spo0A synthesis is subject to a post-transcriptional control mechanism such that translation of mRNAs originating from the SigA-dependent promoter is impeded due to RNA secondary structure PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

• Tony Wilkinson, York University, U.K. homepage
• Imrich Barak, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia homepage
• Charles Moran, Emory University, NC, USA homepage

References

The Spo0A regulon

Masaya Fujita, José Eduardo González-Pastor, Richard Losick
High- and low-threshold genes in the Spo0A regulon of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2005, 187(4);1357-68
[PubMed:15687200] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Virginie Molle, Masaya Fujita, Shane T Jensen, Patrick Eichenberger, José E González-Pastor, Jun S Liu, Richard Losick
The Spo0A regulon of Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2003, 50(5);1683-701
[PubMed:14651647] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Other original Publications

Additional publications: PubMed

ÜÜÜÜÜÜ

Claudio Aguilar, Hera Vlamakis, Alejandra Guzman, Richard Losick, Roberto Kolter
KinD is a checkpoint protein linking spore formation to extracellular-matrix production in Bacillus subtilis biofilms.
mBio: 2010, 1(1);
[PubMed:20689749] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Daniel López, Michael A Fischbach, Frances Chu, Richard Losick, Roberto Kolter
Structurally diverse natural products that cause potassium leakage trigger multicellularity in Bacillus subtilis.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2009, 106(1);280-5
[PubMed:19114652] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Amrita Kumar, Charles P Moran
Promoter activation by repositioning of RNA polymerase.
J Bacteriol: 2008, 190(9);3110-7
[PubMed:18296515] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Masaya Fujita, Richard Losick
Evidence that entry into sporulation in Bacillus subtilis is governed by a gradual increase in the level and activity of the master regulator Spo0A.
Genes Dev: 2005, 19(18);2236-44
[PubMed:16166384] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Amrita Kumar, James A Brannigan, Charles P Moran
Alpha-helix E of Spo0A is required for sigmaA- but not for sigmaH-dependent promoter activation in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(4);1078-83
[PubMed:14762002] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

C M Buckner, G Schyns, C P Moran
A region in the Bacillus subtilis transcription factor Spo0A that is important for spoIIG promoter activation.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(14);3578-83
[PubMed:9658000] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

A Khvorova, L Zhang, M L Higgins, P J Piggot
The spoIIE locus is involved in the Spo0A-dependent switch in the location of FtsZ rings in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(5);1256-60
[PubMed:9495766] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J Hahn, M Roggiani, D Dubnau
The major role of Spo0A in genetic competence is to downregulate abrB, an essential competence gene.
J Bacteriol: 1995, 177(12);3601-5
[PubMed:7768874] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J M Baldus, B D Green, P Youngman, C P Moran
Phosphorylation of Bacillus subtilis transcription factor Spo0A stimulates transcription from the spoIIG promoter by enhancing binding to weak 0A boxes.
J Bacteriol: 1994, 176(2);296-306
[PubMed:8288522] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

K K Jensen, E Sharkova, M F Duggan, Y Qi, A Koide, J A Hoch, F M Hulett
Bacillus subtilis transcription regulator, Spo0A, decreases alkaline phosphatase levels induced by phosphate starvation.
J Bacteriol: 1993, 175(12);3749-56
[PubMed:8509330] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

K York, T J Kenney, S Satola, C P Moran, H Poth, P Youngman
Spo0A controls the sigma A-dependent activation of Bacillus subtilis sporulation-specific transcription unit spoIIE.
J Bacteriol: 1992, 174(8);2648-58
[PubMed:1556084] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S W Satola, J M Baldus, C P Moran
Binding of Spo0A stimulates spoIIG promoter activity in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1992, 174(5);1448-53
[PubMed:1537790] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

U Bai, M Lewandoski, E Dubnau, I Smith
Temporal regulation of the Bacillus subtilis early sporulation gene spo0F.
J Bacteriol: 1990, 172(9);5432-9
[PubMed:2118512] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M Perego, G B Spiegelman, J A Hoch
Structure of the gene for the transition state regulator, abrB: regulator synthesis is controlled by the spo0A sporulation gene in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 1988, 2(6);689-99
[PubMed:3145384] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

P Zuber, R Losick
Role of AbrB in Spo0A- and Spo0B-dependent utilization of a sporulation promoter in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1987, 169(5);2223-30
[PubMed:2437099] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

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