CcpA

• Description: Carbon catabolite control protein A, involved in glucose regulation of many genes; represses catabolic genes and activates genes involved in excretion of excess carbon
  
  

Gene name	ccpA
Synonyms	graR, alsA, amyR
Essential	no
Product	transcriptional regulator (LacI family)
Function	mediates carbon catabolite repression (CCR)
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: Nucleoside catabolism, Nucleotides (regulation), Ile, Leu, Val, His, Coenzyme A, Central C-metabolism
MW, pI	36,8 kDa, 5.06
Gene length, protein length	1002 bp, 334 amino acids
Immediate neighbours	motP, aroA
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU29740

Phenotypes of a mutant

Loss of carbon catabolite repression. Loss of PTS-dependent sugar transport due to excessive phosphorylation of HPr by HprK. The mutant is unable to grow on a minimal medium with glucose and ammonium as the only sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively.

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: transcriptional regulator of carbon catabolite repression (CCR)

• Protein family: LacI family

• Paralogous protein(s):

Genes controlled by CcpA

• Activation by CcpA: pta, ackA, ilvB-ilvH-ilvC-leuA-leuB-leuC-leuD

• Repression by CcpA: abbA, amyE, bglP-bglH, bglS, cccA, citZ-icd-mdh, levD-levE-levF-levG-sacC, licB-licC-licA-licH, phoP-phoR, xylA-xylB, xynP-xynB

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:
  • HTH lacI-type Domain (1 – 58)
  • DNA binding Domain (6 – 25)

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s): HPr-Ser46-P, Crh-Ser-46-P

• Effectors of protein activity:glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Pubmed

• Interactions: CcpA-HPr PubMed, CcpA-Crh PubMed

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure: 2JCG (Apoprotein from Bacillus megaterium), CcpA-Crh-DNA-complex NCBI, complex with P-Ser-HPr and sulphate ions NCBI

• UniProt: P25144

• KEGG entry: [3]

Expression and regulation

• Operon: ccpA-motP-motS PubMed

• Sigma factor:

• Regulation: constitutively expressed PubMed

• Additional information: there are about 3.000 molecules of CcpA per cell PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant: QB5407 (spc), GP302 (erm), GP300 (an in frame deletion of ccpA), available in Stülke lab

• Expression vector: pGP643 (N-terminal Strep-tag, purification from B. subtilis, for SPINE, in pGP380), available in Stülke lab

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• Antibody: available in Hillen and Stülke labs

Labs working on this gene/protein

• • Wolfgang Hillen, Erlangen University, Germany Homepage
  • Richard Brennan, Houston, Texas, USA Homepage
  • Milton H. Saier, University of California at San Diego, USA Homepage
  • Yasutaro Fujita, University of Fukuyama, Japan
  • Jörg Stülke, University of Göttingen, Germany Homepage
  • Oscar Kuipers, University of Groningen, The Netherlands

Homepage

References

Reviews

Yasutaro Fujita
Carbon catabolite control of the metabolic network in Bacillus subtilis.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem: 2009, 73(2);245-59
[PubMed:19202299] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Boris Görke, Jörg Stülke
Carbon catabolite repression in bacteria: many ways to make the most out of nutrients.
Nat Rev Microbiol: 2008, 6(8);613-24
[PubMed:18628769] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Josef Deutscher
The mechanisms of carbon catabolite repression in bacteria.
Curr Opin Microbiol: 2008, 11(2);87-93
[PubMed:18359269] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Jessica B Warner, Juke S Lolkema
CcpA-dependent carbon catabolite repression in bacteria.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev: 2003, 67(4);475-90
[PubMed:14665673] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

T M Henkin
The role of CcpA transcriptional regulator in carbon metabolism in Bacillus subtilis.
FEMS Microbiol Lett: 1996, 135(1);9-15
[PubMed:8598282] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Positive regulation of gene expression by CcpA

Robert P Shivers, Abraham L Sonenshein
Bacillus subtilis ilvB operon: an intersection of global regulons.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 56(6);1549-59
[PubMed:15916605] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Holger Ludwig, Christoph Meinken, Anastasija Matin, Jörg Stülke
Insufficient expression of the ilv-leu operon encoding enzymes of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis limits growth of a Bacillus subtilis ccpA mutant.
J Bacteriol: 2002, 184(18);5174-8
[PubMed:12193635] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

A J Turinsky, T R Moir-Blais, F J Grundy, T M Henkin
Bacillus subtilis ccpA gene mutants specifically defective in activation of acetoin biosynthesis.
J Bacteriol: 2000, 182(19);5611-4
[PubMed:10986270] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

E Presecan-Siedel, A Galinier, R Longin, J Deutscher, A Danchin, P Glaser, I Martin-Verstraete
Catabolite regulation of the pta gene as part of carbon flow pathways in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1999, 181(22);6889-97
[PubMed:10559153] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

A J Turinsky, F J Grundy, J H Kim, G H Chambliss, T M Henkin
Transcriptional activation of the Bacillus subtilis ackA gene requires sequences upstream of the promoter.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(22);5961-7
[PubMed:9811655] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

F J Grundy, D A Waters, S H Allen, T M Henkin
Regulation of the Bacillus subtilis acetate kinase gene by CcpA.
J Bacteriol: 1993, 175(22);7348-55
[PubMed:8226682] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)