SigM

• Description: RNA polymerase ECF-type sigma factor SigM
  
  

Gene name	sigM
Synonyms	yhdM
Essential	no
Product	RNA polymerase ECF-type sigma factor SigM
Function	responsible for intrinsic resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: sigM
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: SigM
MW, pI	19 kDa, 6.77
Gene length, protein length	489 bp, 163 aa
Immediate neighbours	yhdL, yhdN
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

transcription, sigma factors and their control, cell envelope stress proteins (controlled by SigM, V, W, X, Y), resistance against toxins/ antibiotics

This gene is a member of the following regulons

SigM regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU09520

Phenotypes of a mutant

• SigM is essential for growth and survival in nutrient broth (NB) containing 1.4 M NaCl PubMed
• sigM mutants form aberrantly shaped cells, which swell and lyse spontaneously during growth in NB medium containing increased levels (0.35-0.7 M) of a wide range of different salts PubMed
• increased sensitivity towards beta-lactam antibiotics PubMed
• a sigM murJ double mutant is not viable (due to the lack of both lipid II flippases) PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU09520

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family: sigma-70 factor family, ECF subfamily (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:
  • expression of CsbB in the absence of YfhO causes constitutive activation of SigM PubMed
  • shortage of available bactoprenol causes SigM activation PubMed

• Interactions:
  • SigM-YhdK-YhdL PubMed
  • SigM-RpoB-RpoC

• Localization:

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU09520

• Structure:

• UniProt: O07582

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Additional information

• Expression of the SigM regulon in increased in ugtP mutants PubMed

Expression and regulation

• Operon: sigM-yhdL-yhdK PubMed

• Expression browser: sigM PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed, SigM PubMed

• Regulation:
  • induced by paraquat (SigM) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:

• Additional information:
  • expression of CsbB in the absence of YfhO causes constitutive activation of SigM PubMed
  • shortage of available bactoprenol causes SigM activation PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:
  • 1A906 (sigM::kan), PubMed, available at BGSC
  • BP129 (sigM::aphA3), available in Fabian Commichau's lab

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

John Helmann, Cornell University, USA Homepage

References

Reviews

Bianca Mendes Souza, Thiago Luiz de Paula Castro, Rodrigo Dias de Oliveira Carvalho, Nubia Seyffert, Artur Silva, Anderson Miyoshi, Vasco Azevedo
σ(ECF) factors of gram-positive bacteria: a focus on Bacillus subtilis and the CMNR group.
Virulence: 2014, 5(5);587-600
[PubMed:24921931] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

The SigM regulon

Warawan Eiamphungporn, John D Helmann
The Bacillus subtilis sigma(M) regulon and its contribution to cell envelope stress responses.
Mol Microbiol: 2008, 67(4);830-48
[PubMed:18179421] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Thorsten Mascher, Anna-Barbara Hachmann, John D Helmann
Regulatory overlap and functional redundancy among Bacillus subtilis extracytoplasmic function sigma factors.
J Bacteriol: 2007, 189(19);6919-27
[PubMed:17675383] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Adrian J Jervis, Penny D Thackray, Chris W Houston, Malcolm J Horsburgh, Anne Moir
SigM-responsive genes of Bacillus subtilis and their promoters.
J Bacteriol: 2007, 189(12);4534-8
[PubMed:17434969] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)