SpoIVA

• Description: ATPase, spore coat morphogenetic protein, anchors the spore coat to the spore surface via SpoVM
  
  

Gene name	spoIVA
Synonyms	spoVP
Essential	no
Product	ATPase, basement layer protein for spore coat assembly
Function	spore cortex formation and coat assembly
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: spoIVA
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: SpoIVA
MW, pI	55 kDa, 4.546
Gene length, protein length	1476 bp, 492 aa
Immediate neighbours	hbs, yphF
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

sporulation proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

SigE regulon, SpoIIID regulon

SpoIVA-dependent proteins of the spore coat basement

• CotE, LipC, SpoVM, SpoVID, YhaX, YheD, YjzB, YppG PubMed

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU22800

Phenotypes of a mutant

• the spore coat does not localize to the spore surface but self-assembles into aggregates in the mother cell cytoplasm PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU22800

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • uses ATP hydrolysis to drive self-assembly into static filaments PubMed
  • ATP hydrolysis drives polymerization of a nucleotide-free filament PubMed
  • ploymerization depends on a critical threshold concentration of SpoIVA that is only achieved once the protein is recruited to the surface of the developing spore PubMed

• Protein family:
  • belongs to the TRAFAC class of P-loop GTPases, but has lost the ability to bind GTP PubMed

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains: contains a Walker A ATPase domain

• Modification:

• Cofactors:

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:
  • SpoIVA-SpoVID PubMed
  • SpoIVA-SafA PubMed
  • SpoIVA-SpoVM-SpoVID PubMed

• Localization:
  • innermost protein of the spore coat basement PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU22800

• Structure:

• UniProt: P35149

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: spoIVA PubMed

• Expression browser: spoIVA PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigE PubMed

• Regulation:
  • expressed early during sporulation in the mother cell (SigE, SpoIIID) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • SpoIIID: transcription repression PubMed

• Additional information:
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, exponential phase): 276 PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, early stationary phase after glucose exhaustion): 10 PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, late stationary phase after glucose exhaustion): 309 PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Original publications

Jean-Philippe Castaing, Attila Nagy, Vivek Anantharaman, L Aravind, Kumaran S Ramamurthi
ATP hydrolysis by a domain related to translation factor GTPases drives polymerization of a static bacterial morphogenetic protein.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2013, 110(2);E151-60
[PubMed:23267091] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Haiyan Qiao, Daniela Krajcikova, Caisheng Liu, Yongjun Li, Hongda Wang, Imrich Barak, Jilin Tang
The interactions of spore-coat morphogenetic proteins studied by single-molecule recognition force spectroscopy.
Chem Asian J: 2012, 7(4);725-31
[PubMed:22262582] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Peter T McKenney, Patrick Eichenberger
Dynamics of spore coat morphogenesis in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2012, 83(2);245-60
[PubMed:22171814] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Katherine H Wang, Anabela L Isidro, Lia Domingues, Haig A Eskandarian, Peter T McKenney, Kevin Drew, Paul Grabowski, Ming-Hsiu Chua, Samantha N Barry, Michelle Guan, Richard Bonneau, Adriano O Henriques, Patrick Eichenberger
The coat morphogenetic protein SpoVID is necessary for spore encasement in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2009, 74(3);634-49
[PubMed:19775244] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Denisa Müllerová, Daniela Krajčíková, Imrich Barák
Interactions between Bacillus subtilis early spore coat morphogenetic proteins.
FEMS Microbiol Lett: 2009, 299(1);74-85
[PubMed:19702880] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kumaran S Ramamurthi, Richard Losick
ATP-driven self-assembly of a morphogenetic protein in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Cell: 2008, 31(3);406-14
[PubMed:18691972] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kumaran S Ramamurthi, Katie Rose Clapham, Richard Losick
Peptide anchoring spore coat assembly to the outer forespore membrane in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2006, 62(6);1547-57
[PubMed:17427285] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Leif Steil, Mónica Serrano, Adriano O Henriques, Uwe Völker
Genome-wide analysis of temporally regulated and compartment-specific gene expression in sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis.
Microbiology (Reading): 2005, 151(Pt 2);399-420
[PubMed:15699190] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Patrick Eichenberger, Masaya Fujita, Shane T Jensen, Erin M Conlon, David Z Rudner, Stephanie T Wang, Caitlin Ferguson, Koki Haga, Tsutomu Sato, Jun S Liu, Richard Losick
The program of gene transcription for a single differentiating cell type during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
PLoS Biol: 2004, 2(10);e328
[PubMed:15383836] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Katerina Ragkousi, Patrick Eichenberger, Christiaan van Ooij, Peter Setlow
Identification of a new gene essential for germination of Bacillus subtilis spores with Ca2+-dipicolinate.
J Bacteriol: 2003, 185(7);2315-29
[PubMed:12644503] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

K D Price, R Losick
A four-dimensional view of assembly of a morphogenetic protein during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1999, 181(3);781-90
[PubMed:9922240] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Peter J Lewis, Jeffery Errington
Use of green fluorescent protein for detection of cell-specific gene expression and subcellular protein localization during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
Microbiology (Reading): 1996, 142 ( Pt 4);733-740
[PubMed:8936302] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

K Pogliano, E Harry, R Losick
Visualization of the subcellular location of sporulation proteins in Bacillus subtilis using immunofluorescence microscopy.
Mol Microbiol: 1995, 18(3);459-70
[PubMed:8748030] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

C D Webb, A Decatur, A Teleman, R Losick
Use of green fluorescent protein for visualization of cell-specific gene expression and subcellular protein localization during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1995, 177(20);5906-11
[PubMed:7592342] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

A Driks, S Roels, B Beall, C P Moran, R Losick
Subcellular localization of proteins involved in the assembly of the spore coat of Bacillus subtilis.
Genes Dev: 1994, 8(2);234-44
[PubMed:8299942] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

C M Stevens, R Daniel, N Illing, J Errington
Characterization of a sporulation gene, spoIVA, involved in spore coat morphogenesis in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1992, 174(2);586-94
[PubMed:1729247] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Roels, A Driks, R Losick
Characterization of spoIVA, a sporulation gene involved in coat morphogenesis in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1992, 174(2);575-85
[PubMed:1729246] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L B Zheng, R Losick
Cascade regulation of spore coat gene expression in Bacillus subtilis.
J Mol Biol: 1990, 212(4);645-60
[PubMed:1691789] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)