GerE

• Description: transcriptional regulator (repressor or activator) of a subset of sigma-K-dependent late spore coat genes
  
  

Gene name	gerE
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	transcriptional regulator (LuxR-FixJ family)
Function	regulation of SigK-dependent gene expression
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: gerE
Function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: Phosphorelay, Protein secretion
MW, pI	8 kDa, 9.635
Gene length, protein length	222 bp, 74 aa
Immediate neighbours	ysmB, ysmA
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

transcription factors and their control, germination

This gene is a member of the following regulons

SigK regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU28410

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family: LuxR-FixJ family of transcription regulators

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure: 1FSE

• UniProt: P11470

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: gerE PubMed

• Expression browser: gerE PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigK PubMed

• Regulation:
  • expressed late during sporulation in the mother cell (SigK, SpoIIID) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • SpoIIID: transcription activation PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

• Arthur Aronson, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA homepage
• Charles Moran, Emory University, NC, USA homepage

References

Ralf Moeller, Andrew C Schuerger, Günther Reitz, Wayne L Nicholson
Protective role of spore structural components in determining Bacillus subtilis spore resistance to simulated mars surface conditions.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2012, 78(24);8849-53
[PubMed:23064347] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Takeko Kodama, Takeshi Matsubayashi, Tadayoshi Yanagihara, Hiroyuki Komoto, Katsutoshi Ara, Katsuya Ozaki, Ritsuko Kuwana, Daisuke Imamura, Hiromu Takamatsu, Kazuhito Watabe, Junichi Sekiguchi
A novel small protein of Bacillus subtilis involved in spore germination and spore coat assembly.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem: 2011, 75(6);1119-28
[PubMed:21670523] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Giuseppina Cangiano, Antonio Mazzone, Loredana Baccigalupi, Rachele Isticato, Patrick Eichenberger, Maurilio De Felice, Ezio Ricca
Direct and indirect control of late sporulation genes by GerR of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2010, 192(13);3406-13
[PubMed:20435725] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Lijuan Wang, John Perpich, Adam Driks, Lee Kroos
One perturbation of the mother cell gene regulatory network suppresses the effects of another during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2007, 189(23);8467-73
[PubMed:17890309] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Loredana Baccigalupi, Gaetano Castaldo, Giuseppina Cangiano, Rachele Isticato, Rosangela Marasco, Maurilio De Felice, Ezio Ricca
GerE-independent expression of cotH leads to CotC accumulation in the mother cell compartment during Bacillus subtilis sporulation.
Microbiology (Reading): 2004, 150(Pt 10);3441-9
[PubMed:15470121] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Patrick Eichenberger, Masaya Fujita, Shane T Jensen, Erin M Conlon, David Z Rudner, Stephanie T Wang, Caitlin Ferguson, Koki Haga, Tsutomu Sato, Jun S Liu, Richard Losick
The program of gene transcription for a single differentiating cell type during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
PLoS Biol: 2004, 2(10);e328
[PubMed:15383836] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ritsuko Kuwana, Satoko Yamamura, Hiromi Ikejiri, Kazuo Kobayashi, Naotake Ogasawara, Kei Asai, Yoshito Sadaie, Hiromu Takamatsu, Kazuhito Watabe
Bacillus subtilis spoVIF (yjcC) gene, involved in coat assembly and spore resistance.
Microbiology (Reading): 2003, 149(Pt 10);3011-3021
[PubMed:14523132] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Dinene L Crater, Kathryn H Wade, Orna Resnekov, H Travis Ichikawa, Lee Kroos, James A Brannigan, Charles P Moran
A mutation in GerE that affects cotC promoter activation in Bacillus subtilis.
Biochim Biophys Acta: 2002, 1576(1-2);30-8
[PubMed:12031481] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Dinene L Crater, Charles P Moran
Two regions of GerE required for promoter activation in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2002, 184(1);241-9
[PubMed:11741866] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

D L Crater, C P Moran
Identification of a DNA binding region in GerE from Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2001, 183(14);4183-9
[PubMed:11418558] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

V M Ducros, R J Lewis, C S Verma, E J Dodson, G Leonard, J P Turkenburg, G N Murshudov, A J Wilkinson, J A Brannigan
Crystal structure of GerE, the ultimate transcriptional regulator of spore formation in Bacillus subtilis.
J Mol Biol: 2001, 306(4);759-71
[PubMed:11243786] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Reischl, S Thake, G Homuth, W Schumann
Transcriptional analysis of three Bacillus subtilis genes coding for proteins with the alpha-crystallin domain characteristic of small heat shock proteins.
FEMS Microbiol Lett: 2001, 194(1);99-103
[PubMed:11150673] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

K H Wade, G Schyns, J A Opdyke, C P Moran
A region of sigmaK involved in promoter activation by GerE in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1999, 181(14);4365-73
[PubMed:10400595] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

I Bagyan, B Setlow, P Setlow
New small, acid-soluble proteins unique to spores of Bacillus subtilis: identification of the coding genes and regulation and function of two of these genes.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(24);6704-12
[PubMed:9852018] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Roels, R Losick
Adjacent and divergently oriented operons under the control of the sporulation regulatory protein GerE in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1995, 177(21);6263-75
[PubMed:7592393] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

C D Webb, A Decatur, A Teleman, R Losick
Use of green fluorescent protein for visualization of cell-specific gene expression and subcellular protein localization during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1995, 177(20);5906-11
[PubMed:7592342] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

R Halberg, V Oke, L Kroos
Effects of Bacillus subtilis sporulation regulatory protein SpoIIID on transcription by sigma K RNA polymerase in vivo and in vitro.
J Bacteriol: 1995, 177(7);1888-91
[PubMed:7896717] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M Sacco, E Ricca, R Losick, S Cutting
An additional GerE-controlled gene encoding an abundant spore coat protein from Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1995, 177(2);372-7
[PubMed:7814326] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J Zhang, H Ichikawa, R Halberg, L Kroos, A I Aronson
Regulation of the transcription of a cluster of Bacillus subtilis spore coat genes.
J Mol Biol: 1994, 240(5);405-15
[PubMed:7519271] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L Zheng, R Halberg, S Roels, H Ichikawa, L Kroos, R Losick
Sporulation regulatory protein GerE from Bacillus subtilis binds to and can activate or repress transcription from promoters for mother-cell-specific genes.
J Mol Biol: 1992, 226(4);1037-50
[PubMed:1518043] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L B Zheng, R Losick
Cascade regulation of spore coat gene expression in Bacillus subtilis.
J Mol Biol: 1990, 212(4);645-60
[PubMed:1691789] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Cutting, S Panzer, R Losick
Regulatory studies on the promoter for a gene governing synthesis and assembly of the spore coat in Bacillus subtilis.
J Mol Biol: 1989, 207(2);393-404
[PubMed:2474075] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

K Sandman, L Kroos, S Cutting, P Youngman, R Losick
Identification of the promoter for a spore coat protein gene in Bacillus subtilis and studies on the regulation of its induction at a late stage of sporulation.
J Mol Biol: 1988, 200(3);461-73
[PubMed:3135411] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Cutting, J Mandelstam
The nucleotide sequence and the transcription during sporulation of the gerE gene of Bacillus subtilis.
J Gen Microbiol: 1986, 132(11);3013-24
[PubMed:3114423] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)