rel
168
[metabolite|GTP] pyrophosphokinase (stringent response regulon)
locus
BSU_27600
Molecular weight
84.65 kDa
pI
6.96
function
synthesis and degradation of (p)[metabolite|ppGpp], triggering the stringent response regulon
product
[metabolite|GTP] pyrophosphokinase
essential
no
ec
2.7.6.5
synonyms
relA
Outlinks
Genomic Context
Categories containing this gene/protein
List of homologs in different organisms, belongs to COG0317 (Galperin et al., 2021)
This gene is a member of the following regulons
Gene
Coordinates
2,820,529 → 2,822,733
Phenotypes of a mutant
requirement for [metabolite|valine] [Pubmed|24163341]
a [gene|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel] [gene|1107A963C253FBEE8716507BD0EC0E7CD5642B12|sasA] [gene|81BCF5C08EC1A580F5E05884BA830130FC7E46E9|sasB] triple mutant requires branched chain amino acids, [metabolite|methionine] and [metabolite|threonine] for growth, the requirement can be suppressed by reduced expression of [gene|AB3D18228DB6819B0C81BC7A8BB3408A4F75DC0C|guaB] or inactivation of [gene|90ACE0DECA58D3C1A55E135120F7A0C1C920571C|codY] [Pubmed|24163341]
a [gene|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel] [gene|1107A963C253FBEE8716507BD0EC0E7CD5642B12|sasA] [gene|81BCF5C08EC1A580F5E05884BA830130FC7E46E9|sasB] triple mutant acquires suppressor mutations in [gene|AC67305E4C165CC1D785E49B7CD8335346134376|guaA], [gene|AB3D18228DB6819B0C81BC7A8BB3408A4F75DC0C|guaB], [gene|1BC994DE60A7BB35DEDD7154581A396D29AA94A7|gmk] or inactivation of [gene|90ACE0DECA58D3C1A55E135120F7A0C1C920571C|codY] [Pubmed|24682323,24163341]
mutation in [gene|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel] results in increased motility and chaining via elevated [protein|7024E4162A6D827069F882FDEACA696EBC05DD40|sigD] level [Pubmed|25331430]
The protein
Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity
[metabolite|ATP] + [metabolite|GTP] --> [metabolite|AMP] + [metabolite|pppGpp] (according to UniProt)
Protein family
RelA/SpoT family (with [protein|1107A963C253FBEE8716507BD0EC0E7CD5642B12|sasA] and [protein|81BCF5C08EC1A580F5E05884BA830130FC7E46E9|sasB], according to UniProt)
[wiki|Domains]
N-terminal ppGpp hydrolase domain ([wiki|HD domain]) (aa 31-180) [Pubmed|24163341]
central ppGpp synthetase domain [Pubmed|24163341]
[wiki|TGS domain] (aa 392-453) (according to UniProt)
C-terminal [wiki|ACT domain] (aa 660-734) (responsible for fine-tuning of activation at the ribosome) [pubmed|32184768]
Structure
[PDB|6YXA] (aa 1 ... 556) [pubmed|32937119]
[PDB|6HTQ] (the [protein|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel]-[wiki|ribosome] complex) [pubmed|32937119]
[PDB|8ACU] (the [protein|90AFF93D6E7BC993B2773C12EE400C80A87A4831|darB]2-[protein|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel]NTD2 complex) [pubmed|36652515]
[PDB|1VJ7] (N-terminal catalytic fragment, from ''Streptococcus equisimilis'', 60% identity) [Pubmed|15066282]
[AF|O54408]
Effectors of protein activity
(p)ppGpp synthesis is activated by uncharged tRNAs in a ribosome-dependent manner [pubmed|33330919]
synthetase activity of RelA is activated by pppGpp binding to an allosteric site in the NTD region [pubmed|33330919]
hydrolase activity of ReAl is inhibited by (p)ppGpp [pubmed|34416138]
the interaction with [protein|41DFEF8A6BC7E34A6681C26D92F2B08DC120A957|comGA] inhibits the hydrolysis of ppGpp [Pubmed|25899641]
heat stress triggers (p)ppGpp synthesis [pubmed|32176689]
the presence of immature tRNAs due to depletion of [protein|594F2D36BE71A45303A33AA2A2931F56F0A969ED|RNase P] or [protein|C40C5D35ED53D343C8200248FCCB010BAB388054|RNase Z] triggers (p)ppGpp synthesis by [protein|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel] [pubmed|31003868]
interaction with apo-[protein|90AFF93D6E7BC993B2773C12EE400C80A87A4831|darB] (under conditions of potassium starvation) triggers (p)ppGpp synthesis and inhibits (p)ppGpp hydrolysis [pubmed|33619274]
Expression and Regulation
Operons
genes
[gene|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel]-[gene|860F8A7D054BF483D43B4659732F5A6D30DACBD9|dtd]
description
[Pubmed|9383190]
Biological materials
Mutant
[gene|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel] mutant [Pubmed|9383190] - note that [gene|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel] mutants are prone to suppressor mutations in the [gene|1107A963C253FBEE8716507BD0EC0E7CD5642B12|sasA] or [gene|81BCF5C08EC1A580F5E05884BA830130FC7E46E9|sasB] loci [Pubmed|18670626]
GP2066 ([gene|1107A963C253FBEE8716507BD0EC0E7CD5642B12|sasA] [gene|81BCF5C08EC1A580F5E05884BA830130FC7E46E9|sasB] [gene|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel]::mls), available in [wiki|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
BKE27600 (Δ[gene|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel]::erm trpC2) available at [http://bgsc.org/getdetail.php?bgscid=BKE27600 BGSC], [Pubmed|28189581], upstream reverse: _UP1_CATGGAATCACCTTTTTTAA, downstream forward: _UP4_TAAAGGGGTTAGAAAAGAGA
BKK27600 (Δ[gene|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel]::kan trpC2) available at [http://bgsc.org/getdetail.php?bgscid=BKK27600 BGSC], [Pubmed|28189581], upstream reverse: _UP1_CATGGAATCACCTTTTTTAA, downstream forward: _UP4_TAAAGGGGTTAGAAAAGAGA
GP3419 (Δ[gene|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel]::cat) , available in [wiki|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
GP3471 (Δ[gene|1107A963C253FBEE8716507BD0EC0E7CD5642B12|sasA]::spec Δ[gene|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel]::cat), available in [wiki|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
GP3472 (Δ[gene|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel]::cat Δ[gene|81BCF5C08EC1A580F5E05884BA830130FC7E46E9|sasB]::phleo), available in [wiki|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
GP3429 ([gene|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel]-6xHis-cat), available in [wiki|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
Expression vectors
pGP3330 (N-terminal 6xHis-tag, purification from E. coli, in [wiki|pWH844]), available in [wiki|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
pGP3459 (N-terminal 6xHis-SUMO-tag, purification from E. coli, in pET-SUMO), available in [wiki|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
pGP3348 (N-terminal Strep-tag, purification from E. coli, in [wiki|pGP172]), available in [wiki|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
pGP3350 (aa 1-391) (N-terminal Strep-tag, purification from E. coli, in [wiki|pGP172]), available in [wiki|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
pGP3430: expression of Strep-[gene|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel] by [wiki|pGP380] in B. subtilis suitable for [wiki|SPINE], available in [wiki|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
pGP3431: expression of [gene|CEE73284EFC0DBE8870CE0B474922DED79475A57|rel]-Strep by [wiki|pGP382] in B. subtilis suitable for [wiki|SPINE], available in [wiki|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
two-hybrid system
B. pertussis adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system ([wiki|BACTH]), available in [wiki|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
labs
[wiki|Jade Wang], University of Wisconsin–Madison [https://bact.wisc.edu/people_profile.php?t=rf&p=jdwang2 homepage]
References
Reviews
Original Publications
Page visits: 12386
Time of last update: 2024-10-14 12:12:44
Author of last update: Jstuelk