spx
168
transcriptional regulator Spx, involved in regulation of many genes, important for the prevention of protein aggregation during severe heat stress, required for protection against paraquat stress
locus
BSU_11500
Molecular weight
15.39 kDa
pI
7.91
function
negative and positive regulator of many genes
product
transcriptional regulator Spx
essential
no
synonyms
spx, yjbD
Outlinks
Genomic Context
Categories containing this gene/protein
List of homologs in different organisms, belongs to COG1393 (Galperin et al., 2021)
This gene is a member of the following regulons
Gene
Coordinates
1,227,697 1,228,092
Phenotypes of a mutant
Loss of up-regulation of the methionine sulfoxide reductase (''[gene|389245FDE13226D65DF117E28B5DA346DC856860|msrA]-[gene|BF8A3C916C4B673D30AEF7C330C9BD5A487AB0EA|msrB]'') operon in response to thiol specific oxidative stress, also loss of ''[gene|4E5C84FDC8FE2FEFF47306C91ECAB7F17D3E38E9|trxA]'' and ''[gene|1BC439BBCD5FE19D5780519D7E4317C2EFF0D21B|trxB]'' upregulation in response to thiol specific oxidative stress.
The protein
Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity
transcriptional regulator of many genes in response to thiol specific oxidative stress (transcription activator of [gene|4E5C84FDC8FE2FEFF47306C91ECAB7F17D3E38E9|trxA] and [gene|1BC439BBCD5FE19D5780519D7E4317C2EFF0D21B|trxB])
in addition, Spx inhibits transcription by binding to the C-terminal domain of the alpha subunit of RNAP ([protein|5996A5C25E108A3C4562686BF34A59CB14FD56EB|rpoA]), disrupting complex formation between RNAP and certain transcriptional activator proteins like [protein|1E829D639BADDC6BDC9B5FB4C97A632A53FDDB24|resD] and [protein|7832489F11F606BCF637EC23BAAB41AD10237EBB|comA]
in response to thiol specific oxidative stress, Spx can also activate transcription, making it a general regulator that exerts both positive and negative control over transcription initiation
involved in competence regulation [Pubmed|11703662]
inhibits expression of translation-related genes during heat stress [pubmed|30480837]
Protein family
ArsC family (with [protein|6A38DAA96F7BBF31FD8A4018A8CA7A72F3C28F79|mgsR] and [protein|5278DD377B110CC14E239B9428F1985B472EEDF5|yusI], according to UniProt)
[wiki|Domains]
CXXC (10-13): Acts as a disulfide switch for the redox-sensitive transcriptional regulation of genes that function in thiol homeostasis.
Structure
[PDB|1Z3E] (complex with C-terminal domain of [protein|5996A5C25E108A3C4562686BF34A59CB14FD56EB|rpoA]) [pubmed|16249335]
[PDB|7F75] (complex with RNA polymerase) [pubmed|34530448]
[PDB|6GHB] (complexed with oxidized Geobacillus kaustophilus [protein|87124945A1CBF7990856FBEB9EAD25096DAC0868|spxH]) [Pubmed|30982633]
[PDB|7F75] [pubmed|34530448]
[PDB|6GHO] (complexed with Geobacillus kaustophilus [protein|87124945A1CBF7990856FBEB9EAD25096DAC0868|spxH]) [Pubmed|30982633]
[AF|O31602]
Modification
Cysteine oxidation of CXXC motif
phosphorylation on R14, R91, R100, R112 by McsB, dephosphosphorylation by YwlE [pubmed|30962353]
Paralogous protein(s)
[protein|6A38DAA96F7BBF31FD8A4018A8CA7A72F3C28F79|mgsR]
[wiki|Localization]
cytoplasm (according to UniProt)
Additional information
[protein|2C6386E9A63F410558D168798D077DF91590F454|spx] can be degraded by [protein|297F53DAD3351E0C55108DD2C93B78FFB174438C|clpX]-[protein|CB06A70DE7462CEB7AF5D8C28943C878DD56DE1A|clpP] with [protein|87124945A1CBF7990856FBEB9EAD25096DAC0868|spxH] as the adapter protein [pubmed|37330636]
Expression and Regulation
Operons
genes
[gene|2C6386E9A63F410558D168798D077DF91590F454|spx]
description
[Pubmed|10913081]
regulation
induced by stress ([protein|580011DE5DC40EC9E7E0512791D328FAA010DCB8|sigB]) [Pubmed|15805528]
regulatory mechanism
[protein|00BCAAE16576DC5426A652580C69A570FC7A1C2C|perR]: repression, [Pubmed|17158660], in [regulon|protein:00BCAAE16576DC5426A652580C69A570FC7A1C2C|perR regulon]
sigma factors
[protein|3D974DD2967C7F8FD4E3C2AF42617B8AE9F0296D|sigW]: sigma factor, four promoters upstream of [protein|54D021424B31A8244F0F4B32EF9483CF27F90D43|yjbC], in [regulon|protein:3D974DD2967C7F8FD4E3C2AF42617B8AE9F0296D|sigW regulon]
[protein|580011DE5DC40EC9E7E0512791D328FAA010DCB8|sigB]: sigma factor, four promoters upstream of [protein|54D021424B31A8244F0F4B32EF9483CF27F90D43|yjbC], in [regulon|protein:580011DE5DC40EC9E7E0512791D328FAA010DCB8|sigB regulon]
[protein|E77364F274A520FCCA9F5C9504E317B047BA29E6|sigX]: sigma factor, four promoters upstream of [protein|54D021424B31A8244F0F4B32EF9483CF27F90D43|yjbC] [PubMed|10913081], in [regulon|protein:E77364F274A520FCCA9F5C9504E317B047BA29E6|sigX regulon]
[protein|081DF3EE9FA56209D648C7677188C61CE3AA8E41|sigM]: sigma factor, four promoters upstream of [protein|54D021424B31A8244F0F4B32EF9483CF27F90D43|yjbC] [Pubmed|17434969], in [regulon|protein:081DF3EE9FA56209D648C7677188C61CE3AA8E41|sigM regulon]
[protein|360F48D576DE950DF79C1A2677B7A35A8D8CC30C|sigA]: sigma factor, four promoters upstream of [protein|54D021424B31A8244F0F4B32EF9483CF27F90D43|yjbC], in [regulon|protein:360F48D576DE950DF79C1A2677B7A35A8D8CC30C|sigA regulon]
genes
[gene|54D021424B31A8244F0F4B32EF9483CF27F90D43|yjbC]-[gene|2C6386E9A63F410558D168798D077DF91590F454|spx]
description
[Pubmed|10913081]
regulation
induced by stress ([protein|580011DE5DC40EC9E7E0512791D328FAA010DCB8|sigB]) [Pubmed|15805528]
regulatory mechanism
[protein|00BCAAE16576DC5426A652580C69A570FC7A1C2C|perR]: repression, [Pubmed|17158660], in [regulon|protein:00BCAAE16576DC5426A652580C69A570FC7A1C2C|perR regulon]
sigma factors
[protein|081DF3EE9FA56209D648C7677188C61CE3AA8E41|sigM]: sigma factor, [Pubmed|17434969], in [regulon|protein:081DF3EE9FA56209D648C7677188C61CE3AA8E41|sigM regulon]
[protein|3D974DD2967C7F8FD4E3C2AF42617B8AE9F0296D|sigW]: sigma factor, in [regulon|protein:3D974DD2967C7F8FD4E3C2AF42617B8AE9F0296D|sigW regulon]
[protein|580011DE5DC40EC9E7E0512791D328FAA010DCB8|sigB]: sigma factor, in [regulon|protein:580011DE5DC40EC9E7E0512791D328FAA010DCB8|sigB regulon]
[protein|E77364F274A520FCCA9F5C9504E317B047BA29E6|sigX]: sigma factor, [PubMed|10913081], in [regulon|protein:E77364F274A520FCCA9F5C9504E317B047BA29E6|sigX regulon]
additional information
post-translational control by [protein|297F53DAD3351E0C55108DD2C93B78FFB174438C|clpX]-[protein|CB06A70DE7462CEB7AF5D8C28943C878DD56DE1A|clpP]: Spx naturally contains a C-terminal sequence that resembles the [protein|5C12BB19B975F7FEBCFA119DAC66338C20FCECFA|ssrA] tag and targets the protein for degradation. [pubmed|12642660]
Biological materials
Mutant
MGNA-B151 (yjbD::erm), available at the [https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/bsub/resource/strainGeneDisrupted/detail/1150 NBRP B. subtilis, Japan]
GPUG3 (spc), available in [wiki|Ulf Gerth]s and [wiki|Jörg Stülke]'s labs
GP1788 (spc), available in [wiki|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
ORB6781 (spc), ORB6876 (tet), available in [wiki|Zuber] lab, also available in [wiki|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
1A917 ( ''spx''::''spec''), [Pubmed|21949854], available at [http://pasture.asc.ohio-state.edu/BGSC/getdetail.cfm?bgscid=1A917&Search=1A917 BGSC]
1A916 ( ''spx''::''tet''), [Pubmed|21949854], available at [http://pasture.asc.ohio-state.edu/BGSC/getdetail.cfm?bgscid=1A916&Search=1A916 BGSC]
BKE11500 ([gene|2C6386E9A63F410558D168798D077DF91590F454|spx]::erm trpC2) available at [http://bgsc.org/getdetail.php?bgscid=BKE11500 BGSC], [Pubmed|28189581], upstream reverse: _UP1_CATTCATCTTCACTCCTCTA, downstream forward: _UP4_TAATAGATCGTATCATCAAA
BKK11500 ([gene|2C6386E9A63F410558D168798D077DF91590F454|spx]::kan trpC2) available at [http://bgsc.org/getdetail.php?bgscid=BKK11500 BGSC], [Pubmed|28189581], upstream reverse: _UP1_CATTCATCTTCACTCCTCTA, downstream forward: _UP4_TAATAGATCGTATCATCAAA
two-hybrid system
''B. pertussis'' adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system ([wiki|BACTH]), available in [wiki|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
labs
[wiki|Peter Zuber], Oregon Health and Science University, USA, [http://www.ogi.edu/people/dsp_person.cfm?person_id=411D6801-2A56-D16D-58A06B4480EDB9C7 Homepage]
[wiki|Richard Brennan], Houston, Texas, USA [http://www.mdanderson.org/departments/biochem/display.cfm?id=556ef368-6c81-4043-b74f350d41dd06cb&method=displayfull&pn=a8427ebd-d0ff-11d4-80fd00508b603a14 Homepage]
References
Reviews
Original Publications
The [wiki|Spx regulon]
Structural analysis of Spx
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Time of last update: 2024-10-11 17:57:04
Author of last update: Jstuelk