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| * '''Description:''' citrate synthase <br/><br/>
| | {{#bank: CitZ}} |
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| {| align="right" border="1" cellpadding="2"
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"|'''Gene name'''
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| |''citZ''
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| |-
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''Synonyms''' || ''citA2 ''
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| |-
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''Essential''' || no
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| |-
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''Product''' || citrate synthase II
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| |-
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"|'''Function''' || TCA cycle
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| |colspan="2" style="background:#FAF8CC;" align="center"| '''Gene expression levels in [http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/apps/expression/ ''Subti''Express]''': [http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/apps/expression/expression.php?search=BSU29140 citZ]
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| |colspan="2" style="background:#FAF8CC;" align="center"| '''Interactions involving this protein in [http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/interact/ ''Subt''Interact]''': [http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/interact/index.php?protein=CitZ CitZ]
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| |colspan="2" style="background:#FAF8CC;" align="center"| '''Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in [[SubtiPathways|''Subti''Pathways]]: <br/>[http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/subtipathways/search.php?enzyme=citZ citZ]'''
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''MW, pI''' || 41 kDa, 5.451
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''Gene length, protein length''' || 1116 bp, 372 aa
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"|'''Immediate neighbours''' || ''[[icd]], [[ytwI]]''
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| |style="background:#FAF8CC;" align="center"|'''Sequences'''||[http://bsubcyc.org/BSUB/sequence-aa?type=GENE&object=BSU29140 Protein] [http://bsubcyc.org/BSUB/sequence?type=GENE&object=BSU29140 DNA] [http://bsubcyc.org/BSUB/seq-selector?chromosome=CHROM-1&object=BSU29140 DNA_with_flanks]
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| |colspan="2" | '''Genetic context''' <br/> [[Image:citZ_context.gif]]
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| <div align="right"> <small>This image was kindly provided by [http://genolist.pasteur.fr/SubtiList/ SubtiList]</small></div>
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| |colspan="2" |'''[http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/cgi-bin/seb/viewdetail.py?id=citZ_2981151_2982269_-1 Expression at a glance]'''   {{PubMed|22383849}}<br/>[[Image:citZ_expression.png|500px|link=http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/apps/expression/expression.php?search=BSU29140]]
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| |-
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| |}
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| __TOC__
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| <br/><br/><br/><br/>
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| <br/><br/><br/><br/>
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| <br/><br/><br/><br/>
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| <br/><br/>
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|
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| = [[Categories]] containing this gene/protein =
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| {{SubtiWiki category|[[carbon core metabolism]]}},
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| {{SubtiWiki category|[[phosphoproteins]]}}
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|
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| = This gene is a member of the following [[regulons]] =
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| {{SubtiWiki regulon|[[CcpA regulon]]}},
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| {{SubtiWiki regulon|[[CcpC regulon]]}}
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|
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| =The gene=
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| === Basic information ===
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| * '''Locus tag:''' BSU29140
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| ===Phenotypes of a mutant ===
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| * glutamate auxotrophy and a defect in sporulation [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8045898 PubMed]
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| === Database entries ===
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| * '''BsubCyc:''' [http://bsubcyc.org/BSUB/NEW-IMAGE?type=NIL&object=BSU29140&redirect=T BSU29140]
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| * '''DBTBS entry:''' [http://dbtbs.hgc.jp/COG/prom/citZ-icd-mdh.html]
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| * '''SubtiList entry:''' [http://genolist.pasteur.fr/SubtiList/genome.cgi?gene_detail+BG10855]
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| === Additional information===
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| =The protein=
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| === Basic information/ Evolution ===
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| * '''Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:''' Acetyl-CoA + H<sub>2</sub>O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA (according to Swiss-Prot)
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| * '''Protein family:''' citrate synthase family (according to Swiss-Prot)
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| * '''Paralogous protein(s):''' [[MmgD]], [[CitA]]
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| === Extended information on the protein ===
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| * '''Kinetic information:'''
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| ** Michaelis-Menten (Random Sequential Reaction Mechanism) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/4211224 PubMed]
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| ** specific activity: 0.141 µmol min<sup>-1</sup> (mg protein)<sup>-1</sup> {{PubMed|24571712}}
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| * '''[[Domains]]:'''
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| * '''Modification:''' phosphorylation on Ser-284 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/17218307 PubMed]
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| * '''[[Cofactors]]:'''
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| * '''Effectors of protein activity:'''
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| ** Inhibited by acetyl-CoA, 2-oxoglutarate and NADH [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/4211224 PubMed] [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T36-44C8RWC-SH&_user=5731894&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1985&_rdoc=28&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%234938%231985%23998209998%23270526%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=4938&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=40&_acct=C000043105&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=5731894&md5=f14f4734123ab1177d7217cab6c7ce7d FEBS Letters]
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| ** Inhibited by citrate and CoA (competitively against acetyl-CoA and non-competitively against oxaloacetate) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/4211224 PubMed]
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| ** Inhibited by ATP competitively in ''B. subtilis'' strain 168 and HS 1A17 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/4980242 PubMed] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/4211224 PubMed]
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| *** In ''B. subtilis'' strain HS 2A2, ATP inhibits a non-competitive fashion [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/4211224 PubMed]
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| ** Activated by AMP [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/4211224 PubMed]
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| * '''[[SubtInteract|Interactions]]:'''
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| ** [[CitZ]]-[[Mdh]]-[[Icd]] (this is the core of the TCA cycle metabolon) {{PubMed|20933603}}
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| * '''[[Localization]]:'''
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| ** cytoplasm (homogeneously distributed throughout the cell) {{PubMed|24825009}}
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| === Database entries ===
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| * '''BsubCyc:''' [http://bsubcyc.org/BSUB/NEW-IMAGE?type=NIL&object=BSU29140&redirect=T BSU29140]
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| * '''Structure:'''
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| ** [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/cgi/explore.cgi?pdbId=2C6X 2C6X]
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| ** [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/101/motm.do?momID=93 A discussion of citrate synthase structure]
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| * '''UniProt:''' [http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P39120 P39120]
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| * '''KEGG entry:''' [http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?bsu:BSU29140]
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| * '''E.C. number:''' [http://www.expasy.org/enzyme/2.3.3.1 2.3.3.1]
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| === Additional information===
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| * extensive information on the structure and enzymatic properties of CitZ can be found at [http://www.proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Citrate_synthase Proteopedia]
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| =Expression and regulation=
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| * '''Operon:'''
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| **''[[citZ]]-[[icd]]-[[mdh]]'' {{PubMed|8045899}}
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| * '''Expression browser:''' [http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/cgi-bin/seb/viewdetail.py?id=citZ_2981151_2982269_-1 citZ] {{PubMed|22383849}}
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| * '''[[Sigma factor]]:''' [[SigA]] {{PubMed|8045899}}
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| * '''Regulation:'''
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| ** repression by glucose (6.7-fold) ([[CcpA]]) {{PubMed|12100558,12850135}}
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| ** repression by glucose + glutamate ([[CcpC]]) {{PubMed|12100558}}
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| ** reduced expression at excess citrate concentrations or iron depletion ([[CitB]]) {{PubMed|23354745}}
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| * '''Regulatory mechanism:'''
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| ** [[CcpA]]: transcription repression, [[CcpC]]: transcription repression {{PubMed|12100558}}
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| ** [[CcpC]]: transcription repression (molecular inducer: citrate) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/10656796 PubMed]
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| ** [[CitB]]: mRNA destabilization upon citrate accumulation or iron limitation {{PubMed|23354745}}
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| * '''Additional information:'''
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| ** The mRNA has a long 5' leader region. This may indicate RNA-based regulation {{PubMed|20525796}}
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| ** number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium): 8373 {{PubMed|24696501}}
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| ** number of protein molecules per cell (complex medium with amino acids, without glucose): 20578 {{PubMed|24696501}}
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| ** number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, exponential phase): 22342 {{PubMed|21395229}}
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| ** number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, early stationary phase after glucose exhaustion): 10224 {{PubMed|21395229}}
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| ** number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, late stationary phase after glucose exhaustion): 18693 {{PubMed|21395229}}
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| =Biological materials =
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| * '''Mutant:'''
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| ** GP678 (erm), GP797 (spec) available in [[Jörg Stülke]]'s lab
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| ** 1A999 (''citZ''::''spec''), {{PubMed| }}, available at [http://pasture.asc.ohio-state.edu/BGSC/getdetail.cfm?bgscid=1A999&Search=1A999 BGSC]
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| ** GP790 (''[[citZ]]-[[icd]]-[[mdh]]''::''kan''), available in [[Jörg Stülke]]'s lab
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| ** GP797 (''citZ''::''spec''), allows expression of ''[[icd]]'' and ''[[mdh]]'', available in [[Jörg Stülke]]'s lab
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| ** GP1281 (''citZ''::''erm''), allows expression of ''[[icd]]'' and ''[[mdh]]'', available in [[Jörg Stülke]]'s lab
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| * '''Expression vector:'''
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| ** pGP1120 (N-terminal Strep-tag, for [[SPINE]], purification from ''B. subtilis'', in [[pGP380]]) (available in [[Jörg Stülke]]'s lab)
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| ** pGP1776 (for expression, purification in ''E. coli'' with N-terminal Strep-tag, in [[pGP172]], available in [[Jörg Stülke]]'s lab)
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| ** pGP1761 (expression with N-terminal His-tag from ''E. coli'', in [[pWH844]]), available in [[Jörg Stülke]]'s lab
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| ** pGP2515 (N-terminal Strep-tag, purification from ''E. coli'', in [[pGP172]]), available in [[Jörg Stülke]]'s lab
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| * '''lacZ fusion:'''
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| * '''GFP fusion:'''
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| * '''two-hybrid system:''' ''B. pertussis'' adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system ([[BACTH]]), available in [[Jörg Stülke]]'s lab
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| * '''Antibody:''' available in [[Linc Sonenshein]]'s lab
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| =Labs working on this gene/protein=
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| [[Linc Sonenshein|Linc Sonenshein]], Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA [http://www.tufts.edu/sackler/microbiology/faculty/sonenshein/index.html Homepage]
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| [[Stülke|Jörg Stülke]], University of Göttingen, Germany
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| [http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~genmibio/stuelke.html Homepage]
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| =Your additional remarks=
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| =References=
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| ==Reviews==
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| <pubmed>3013232 </pubmed>
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| ==Original publications==
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| <pubmed>10348849,8045899,22900538,10656796,12850135 17218307 12100558 9642180 8045898 8655569 4211224 4980242 20525796 24825009 20933603 23354745 24571712</pubmed>
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| [[Category:Protein-coding genes]]
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