Mfd

• Description: transcription-repair coupling factor, eliminates genetic damage from transcriptionally active genes during sporulation
  
  

Gene name	mfd
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	transcription-repair coupling factor
Function	promotes strand-specific DNA repair by displacing RNA polymerase stalled at a nucleotide lesion and directing the (A)BC excinuclease to the RNA damage site
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: mfd RNA polymerase stalled at a nucleotide lesion and directing the (A)BC excinuclease to the RNA damage site
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: Mfd
MW, pI	133 kDa, 5.367
Gene length, protein length	3531 bp, 1177 aa
Immediate neighbours	fin, spoVT
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

DNA repair/ recombination, transcription

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU00550

Phenotypes of a mutant

• in an mfd knock-out, the cell's ability to accumulate adaptive mutations in stationary phase is depressed. PubMed
• increased UV-induced mutagenesis via PolY1/ PolY2-mediated translesion synthesis PubMed
• the mutation suppresses the mucoid phenotype of motA or motB mutants PubMed

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: no entry

• SubtiList entry: [1]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • promotes strand-specific DNA repair by displacing RNA polymerase stalled at a nucleotide lesion and directing the (A)BC excinuclease to the RNA damage site
  • is required for roadblock transcription repression by transcription factors with binding sites downstream of the promoter (as for CcpA PubMed and CodY PubMed)

• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s): RecG

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactors:

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:
  • Mfd interacts with the RNA polymerase PubMed
  • Mfd-UvrA PubMed
  • Mfd-RpoB PubMed

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure:
  • 2EYQ (Mfd from E. coli) PubMed
  • 3MLQ (RNA polymerase interacting domain of Thermus thermophilus Mfd with the Thermus aquaticus RpoB beta1 domain) PubMed

• UniProt: P37474

• KEGG entry: [2]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon:

• Expression browser: mfd PubMed

• Sigma factor:

• Regulation:

• Regulatory mechanism:

• Additional information:
  • expressed throughout growth and sporulation, during sporulation expressed both in the forespore and the mother cell PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant: GP1167 (del ermC), available in Jörg Stülke's lab

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion: GP1510 (spc, based on pGP1870, pGP1389-derivative ), available in Jörg Stülke's lab

• YFP fusion: GP1511 (spc, based on pGP1871, pGP1389-derivative ), available in Jörg Stülke's lab

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

• Strep-tag construct: GP890 (spc, based on pGP1389), available in the Stülke lab

References

Reviews

<pubmed>17239578 15063847 17917874 8811173 7968917 15720542 16464004 19023283 22201950 22749141 22933559 </pubmed>

Original publications

<pubmed>8594198,20435731 ,104170,16950921,9535092, 16469698 21699902 22178973 22248542 22960746 24118570 21710567,20702425 24296669</pubmed>