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| * '''Description:''' citrate synthase <br/><br/>
| | {{#bank: CitZ}} |
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| {| align="right" border="1" cellpadding="2"
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"|'''Gene name'''
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| |''citZ''
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''Synonyms''' || ''citA2 ''
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| |-
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''Essential''' || no
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''Product''' || citrate synthase II
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"|'''Function''' || TCA cycle
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| |colspan="2" style="background:#FAF8CC;" align="center"| '''Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in [[SubtiPathways|''Subti''Pathways]]: <br/>[http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/pathways/carbon_flow.html Central C-metabolism]'''
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''MW, pI''' || 41 kDa, 5.451
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''Gene length, protein length''' || 1116 bp, 372 aa
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"|'''Immediate neighbours''' || ''[[ytwI]], [[icd]]''
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| |colspan="2" style="background:#FAF8CC;" align="center"|'''Get the DNA and protein [http://srs.ebi.ac.uk/srsbin/cgi-bin/wgetz?-e+[EMBLCDS:CAB14874]+-newId sequences] <br/> (Barbe ''et al.'', 2009)'''
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| |colspan="2" | '''Genetic context''' <br/> [[Image:citZ_context.gif]]
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| <div align="right"> <small>This image was kindly provided by [http://genolist.pasteur.fr/SubtiList/ SubtiList]</small></div>
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| |}
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| __TOC__
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| <br/><br/>
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| =The gene=
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| === Basic information ===
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| * '''Locus tag:''' BSU29140
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| ===Phenotypes of a mutant ===
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| glutamate auxotrophy and a defect in sporulation [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8045898 PubMed]
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| === Database entries ===
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| * '''DBTBS entry:''' [http://dbtbs.hgc.jp/COG/prom/citZ-icd-mdh.html]
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| * '''SubtiList entry:''' [http://genolist.pasteur.fr/SubtiList/genome.cgi?gene_detail+BG10855]
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| === Additional information===
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| =The protein=
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| === Basic information/ Evolution ===
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| * '''Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:''' Acetyl-CoA + H<sub>2</sub>O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA (according to Swiss-Prot)
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| * '''Protein family:''' citrate synthase family (according to Swiss-Prot)
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| * '''Paralogous protein(s):''' [[MmgD]], [[CitA]]
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| === Extended information on the protein ===
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| * '''Kinetic information:''' Michaelis-Menten (Random Sequential Reaction Mechanism) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/4211224 PubMed]
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| * '''Domains:'''
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| * '''Modification:''' phosphorylation on Ser-284 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/17218307 PubMed]
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| * '''Cofactor(s):'''
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| * '''Effectors of protein activity:'''
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| ** Inhibited by acetyl-CoA, 2-oxoglutarate and NADH [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/4211224 PubMed] [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T36-44C8RWC-SH&_user=5731894&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1985&_rdoc=28&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%234938%231985%23998209998%23270526%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=4938&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=40&_acct=C000043105&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=5731894&md5=f14f4734123ab1177d7217cab6c7ce7d FEBS Letters]
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| ** Inhibited by citrate and CoA (competitively against acetyl-CoA and non-competitively against oxaloacetate) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/4211224 PubMed]
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| ** Inhibited by ATP competitively in ''B. subtilis'' strain 168 and HS 1A17 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/4980242 PubMed] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/4211224 PubMed]
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| *** In ''B. subtilis'' strain HS 2A2, ATP inhibits a non-competitive fashion [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/4211224 PubMed]
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| ** Activated by AMP [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/4211224 PubMed]
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| * '''Interactions:'''
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| * '''Localization:'''
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| === Database entries ===
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| * '''Structure:''' [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/cgi/explore.cgi?pdbId=2C6X 2C6X]
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| * '''Swiss prot entry:''' [http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P39120 P39120]
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| * '''KEGG entry:''' [http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?bsu+BSU29140]
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| * '''E.C. number:''' [http://www.expasy.org/enzyme/2.3.3.1 2.3.3.1]
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| === Additional information===
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| =Expression and regulation=
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| * '''Operon:''' ''[[citZ]]-[[icd]]-[[mdh]]''
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| * '''Sigma factor:''' [[SigA]]
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| * '''Regulation:''' repressed by glucose (6.7-fold) ([[CcpA]]) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12850135 PubMed], catabolite repression ([[CcpA]]), repression by glucose + glutamate ([[CcpC]]) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/12100558 PubMed], repression under anaerobic conditions [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9642180 PubMed]
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| ** repressed in the presence of glucose and glutamate ([[CcpC]]) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/10656796 PubMed]
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| * '''Regulatory mechanism:''' [[CcpA]]: transcription repression, [[CcpA]]: transcription repression, [[CcpC]]: transcription repression [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/12100558 PubMed]
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| ** [[CcpC]]: transcription repression (molecular inducer: citrate) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/10656796 PubMed]
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| * '''Additional information:'''
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| =Biological materials =
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| * '''Mutant:''' GP678 (erm), available in [[Stülke]] lab
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| * '''Expression vector:'''
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| ** pGP1120 (N-terminal Strep-tag, for [[SPINE]], purification from ''B. subtilis'', in [[pGP380]]) (available in [[Stülke]] lab)
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| * '''lacZ fusion:'''
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| * '''GFP fusion:'''
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| * '''two-hybrid system:''' ''B. pertussis'' adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system ([[BACTH]]), available in [[Stülke]] lab
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| * '''Antibody:''' available in [[Linc Sonenshein]] lab
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| =Labs working on this gene/protein=
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| [[Linc Sonenshein|Linc Sonenshein]], Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA [http://www.tufts.edu/sackler/microbiology/faculty/sonenshein/index.html Homepage]
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| [[Stülke|Jörg Stülke]], University of Göttingen, Germany
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| [http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~genmibio/stuelke.html Homepage]
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| =Your additional remarks=
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| =References=
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| <pubmed>12850135 17218307 12100558 9642180 8045898 8655569 4211224 4980242 </pubmed>
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| # Blencke et al. (2003) Transcriptional profiling of gene expression in response to glucose in ''Bacillus subtilis'': regulation of the central metabolic pathways. ''Metab Eng.'' '''5:''' 133-149 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12850135 PubMed]
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| # Macek et al. (2007) The serine/ threonine/ tyrosine phosphoproteome of the model bacterium ''Bacillus subtilis''. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 6: 697-707 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218307 PubMed]
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| # Kim HJ, Roux A, Sonenshein AL (2002b) Direct and indirect roles of CcpA in regulation of ''Bacillus subtilis'' Krebs cycle genes. Mol Microbiol 45:179-190. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/12100558 PubMed]
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| # Nakano MM, Zuber P, Sonenshein AL (1998) Anaerobic regulation of ''Bacillus subtilis'' Krebs cycle genes. ''J Bacteriol.'' '''180:''' 3304-3311. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9642180 PubMed]
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| # Jin S, Sonenshein AL (1994) Identification of two distinct ''Bacillus subtilis'' citrate synthase genes ''J Bacteriol.'' '''176:''' 4669-4679. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8045898 PubMed]
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| # Danson MJ et al. (1984) Citric acid cycle enzymes of the archaebacteria: citrate synthase and succinate thiokinase. ''FEBS Letters''. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T36-44C8RWC-SH&_user=5731894&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F1985&_rdoc=28&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%234938%231985%23998209998%23270526%23FLP%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=4938&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=40&_acct=C000043105&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=5731894&md5=f14f4734123ab1177d7217cab6c7ce7d FEBS Letters]
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| # Author1, Author2 & Author3 (year) Title ''Journal'' '''volume:''' page-page. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/PMID PubMed]
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