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| * '''Description:''' polynucleotide phosphorylase <br/><br/>
| | {{#bank: PnpA}} |
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| {| align="right" border="1" cellpadding="2"
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"|'''Gene name'''
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| |''pnpA''
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''Synonyms''' || ''comR ''
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''Essential''' ||
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''Product''' || polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) (EC 2.7.7.8)
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"|'''Function''' || necessary for competence development
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''MW, pI''' || 77 kDa, 4.89
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''Gene length, protein length''' || 2115 bp, 705 aa
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| |style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"|'''Immediate neighbours''' ||
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| |style="background:#FAF8CC;" align="center"|'''[http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/pnpA_nucleotide.txt Gene sequence (+200bp) ]'''
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| |style="background:#FAF8CC;" align="center"|'''[http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/pnpA_protein.txt Protein sequence]'''
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| |colspan="2" | '''Genetic context''' <br/> [[Image:pnpA_context.gif]]
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| |}
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| __TOC__
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| <br/><br/>
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| =The gene=
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| === Basic information ===
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| * '''Coordinates:'''
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| ===Phenotypes of a mutant ===
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| === Database entries ===
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| * '''DBTBS entry:''' [http://dbtbs.hgc.jp/COG/prom/pnpA.html]
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| * '''SubtiList entry:''' [http://genolist.pasteur.fr/SubtiList/genome.cgi?gene_detail+BG11491]
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| === Additional information===
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| =The protein=
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| === Basic information/ Evolution ===
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| * '''Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:''' 3'-5' exoribonuclease
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| * '''Protein family:'''
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| * '''Paralogous protein(s):'''
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| === Extended information on the protein ===
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| * '''Kinetic information:'''
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| * '''Domains:'''
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| * '''Modification:'''
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| * '''Cofactor(s):'''
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| * '''Effectors of protein activity:'''
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| * '''Interactions:''' [[PnpA]]-[[RnjA]], [[PnpA]]-[[PfkA]], [[PnpA]]-[[Rny]] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/19193632 PubMed]
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| * '''Localization:'''
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| === Database entries ===
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| * '''Structure:''' [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/cgi/explore.cgi?pdbId=3CDI 3CDI] (protein from ''E. coli'')
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| * '''Swiss prot entry:'''
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| * '''KEGG entry:'''
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| * '''E.C. number:'''
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| === Additional information===
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| required for the expression of late competence genes [[comG]] and [[comK]], requirement bypassed by a [[mecA]] disruption; may be necessary for modification of the [[srfA]] transcript (stabilization or translation activation)
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| =Expression and regulation=
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| * '''Operon:'''
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| * '''Sigma factor:'''
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| * '''Regulation:'''
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| * '''Regulatory mechanism:'''
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| * '''Additional information:'''
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| =Biological materials =
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| * '''Mutant:'''
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| * '''Expression vector:'''
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| * '''lacZ fusion:'''
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| * '''GFP fusion:'''
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| * '''two-hybrid system:''' B. pertussis adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system ([[BACTH]]), available in [[Stülke]] lab
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| * '''Antibody:'''
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| =Labs working on this gene/protein=
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| [[David Bechhofer]], Mount Sinai School, New York, USA [http://www.mountsinai.org/Research/Centers%20Laboratories%20and%20Programs/Bechhofer%20Laboratory?citype=Physician&ciid=Bechhofer%20David%20H%201255565 Homepage]
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| =Your additional remarks=
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| =References=
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| # Bechhofer, D. H. & Wang, W. (1998). Decay of ''ermC'' mRNA in a polynucleotide phosphorylase mutant of ''Bacillus subtilis''. J Bacteriol 180:5968-5977. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/9811656 PubMed]
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| # Campos-Guillen, J., Bralley, P., Jones, G. H., Bechhofer, D. H. & Olmedo-Alvarez, G. (2005). Addition of poly(A) and heteropolymeric 3´ ends in ''Bacillus subtilis'' wild-type and polynucleotide phosphorylase-deficient strains. J Bacteriol 187:4698-4706. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/15995184 PubMed]
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| # Deutscher, M. P. & Reuven, N. B. (1991). Enzymatic basis for hydrolytic versus phosphorolytic mRNA degradation in ''Escherichia coli'' and Bacillus subtilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88:3277-3280. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/xxx PubMed]
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| # Mitra, S., Hue, K. & Bechhofer, D. H. (1996). ''In vitro'' processing activity of ''Bacillus subtilis'' polynucleotide phosphorylase. Mol Microbiol 19:329-342. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/8825778 PubMed]
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| # Wang, W. & Bechhofer, D. H. (1996). Properties of a ''Bacillus subtilis'' polynucleotide phosphorylase deletion strain. J Bacteriol 178:2375-2382. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/8636041 PubMed]
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| # Commichau, F. M., Rothe, F. M., Herzberg, C., Wagner, E., Hellwig, D., Lehnik-Habrink, M., Hammer, E., Völker, U. & Stülke, J. (2009) Novel activities of glycolytic enzymes in Bacillus subtilis: Interactions with essential proteins involved in mRNA processing. Mol. Cell. Proteomics in press [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/19193632 PubMed]
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| # Author1, Author2 & Author3 (year) Title ''Journal'' '''volume:''' page-page. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/PMID PubMed]
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