MetE

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  • Description: methionine synthase

Gene name metE
Synonyms metC
Essential no
Product methionine synthase
Function biosynthesis of methionine
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: metE
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: MetE
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways:
metE
MW, pI 86 kDa, 4.839
Gene length, protein length 2286 bp, 762 aa
Immediate neighbours guaD, ispA
Sequences Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context
MetE context.gif
This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed
MetE expression.png















Categories containing this gene/protein

biosynthesis/ acquisition of amino acids, phosphoproteins, most abundant proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

S-box

The gene

Basic information

  • Locus tag: BSU13180

Phenotypes of a mutant

Database entries

  • DBTBS entry: no entry
  • SubtiList entry: [1]

Additional information

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

  • Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + L-homocysteine = tetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + L-methionine (according to Swiss-Prot)
  • Protein family: vitamin-B12 independent methionine synthase family (according to Swiss-Prot)
  • Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

  • Kinetic information:
  • Modification:
    • phosphorylated on ser/ thr/ tyr PubMed, S-cysteinylation after diamide stress (C719) PubMed
    • Cys719 and Cys730 are S-bacillithiolated by NaOCl stress in B. subtilis and other Bacillus species PubMed PubMed
    • MetE is generally most strongly S-bacillithiolated by NaOCl stress in B. subtilis and other Bacillus species PubMed PubMed
  • Effectors of protein activity:

Database entries

  • Structure: 1T7L (from Thermotoga maritima, 44% identity, 61% similarity) PubMed
  • KEGG entry: [2]

Additional information

  • subject to Clp-dependent proteolysis upon glucose starvation PubMed

Expression and regulation

  • Operon: metE
  • Regulation:
    • repressed by casamino acids PubMed
    • repressed by methionine (about 1000-fold)(S-box) PubMed
  • Regulatory mechanism: S-box: transcription termination/ antitermination, the S-box riboswitch binds S-adenosylmethionine resulting in termination PubMed
  • Additional information:
    • subject to Clp-dependent proteolysis upon glucose starvation PubMed
    • belongs to the 100 most abundant proteins PubMed
    • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium): 10685 PubMed
    • number of protein molecules per cell (complex medium with amino acids, without glucose): 1682 PubMed
    • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, exponential phase): 9230 PubMed
    • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, early stationary phase after glucose exhaustion): 4809 PubMed
    • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, late stationary phase after glucose exhaustion): 3703 PubMed

Biological materials

  • Mutant:
  • Expression vector:
  • lacZ fusion:
  • GFP fusion:
  • two-hybrid system:
  • Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

Your additional remarks

References

Ahmed Gaballa, Bui Khanh Chi, Alexandra A Roberts, Dörte Becher, Chris J Hamilton, Haike Antelmann, John D Helmann
Redox regulation in Bacillus subtilis: The bacilliredoxins BrxA(YphP) and BrxB(YqiW) function in de-bacillithiolation of S-bacillithiolated OhrR and MetE.
Antioxid Redox Signal: 2014, 21(3);357-67
[PubMed:24313874] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Allison Kriel, Shaun R Brinsmade, Jessica L Tse, Ashley K Tehranchi, Alycia N Bittner, Abraham L Sonenshein, Jue D Wang
GTP dysregulation in Bacillus subtilis cells lacking (p)ppGpp results in phenotypic amino acid auxotrophy and failure to adapt to nutrient downshift and regulate biosynthesis genes.
J Bacteriol: 2014, 196(1);189-201
[PubMed:24163341] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Bui Khanh Chi, Alexandra A Roberts, Tran Thi Thanh Huyen, Katrin Bäsell, Dörte Becher, Dirk Albrecht, Chris J Hamilton, Haike Antelmann
S-bacillithiolation protects conserved and essential proteins against hypochlorite stress in firmicutes bacteria.
Antioxid Redox Signal: 2013, 18(11);1273-95
[PubMed:22938038] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Bui Khanh Chi, Katrin Gronau, Ulrike Mäder, Bernd Hessling, Dörte Becher, Haike Antelmann
S-bacillithiolation protects against hypochlorite stress in Bacillus subtilis as revealed by transcriptomics and redox proteomics.
Mol Cell Proteomics: 2011, 10(11);M111.009506
[PubMed:21749987] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ana Gutiérrez-Preciado, Tina M Henkin, Frank J Grundy, Charles Yanofsky, Enrique Merino
Biochemical features and functional implications of the RNA-based T-box regulatory mechanism.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev: 2009, 73(1);36-61
[PubMed:19258532] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jerneja Tomsic, Brooke A McDaniel, Frank J Grundy, Tina M Henkin
Natural variability in S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent riboswitches: S-box elements in bacillus subtilis exhibit differential sensitivity to SAM In vivo and in vitro.
J Bacteriol: 2008, 190(3);823-33
[PubMed:18039762] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Christine Eymann, Dörte Becher, Jörg Bernhardt, Katrin Gronau, Anja Klutzny, Michael Hecker
Dynamics of protein phosphorylation on Ser/Thr/Tyr in Bacillus subtilis.
Proteomics: 2007, 7(19);3509-26
[PubMed:17726680] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Falko Hochgräfe, Jörg Mostertz, Dierk-Christoph Pöther, Dörte Becher, John D Helmann, Michael Hecker
S-cysteinylation is a general mechanism for thiol protection of Bacillus subtilis proteins after oxidative stress.
J Biol Chem: 2007, 282(36);25981-5
[PubMed:17611193] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Falko Hochgräfe, Jörg Mostertz, Dirk Albrecht, Michael Hecker
Fluorescence thiol modification assay: oxidatively modified proteins in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 58(2);409-25
[PubMed:16194229] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Christine Eymann, Annette Dreisbach, Dirk Albrecht, Jörg Bernhardt, Dörte Becher, Sandy Gentner, Le Thi Tam, Knut Büttner, Gerrit Buurman, Christian Scharf, Simone Venz, Uwe Völker, Michael Hecker
A comprehensive proteome map of growing Bacillus subtilis cells.
Proteomics: 2004, 4(10);2849-76
[PubMed:15378759] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Ulrike Mäder, Georg Homuth, Christian Scharf, Knut Büttner, Rüdiger Bode, Michael Hecker
Transcriptome and proteome analysis of Bacillus subtilis gene expression modulated by amino acid availability.
J Bacteriol: 2002, 184(15);4288-95
[PubMed:12107147] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

F J Grundy, T M Henkin
The S box regulon: a new global transcription termination control system for methionine and cysteine biosynthesis genes in gram-positive bacteria.
Mol Microbiol: 1998, 30(4);737-49
[PubMed:10094622] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)