HemAT

• Description: soluble chemotaxis receptor, heme-containing O(2) sensor protein
  
  

Gene name	hemAT
Synonyms	yhfV
Essential	no
Product	haem-based aerotactic transducer
Function	movement towards oxygen
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: hemAT
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: HemAT
MW, pI	48 kDa, 5.441
Gene length, protein length	1296 bp, 432 aa
Immediate neighbours	yhfU, yhfW
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

motility and chemotaxis

This gene is a member of the following regulons

SigD regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU10380

Phenotypes of a mutant

• not essential for pellicle biofilm formation, but mutant is outcompeted by the wild-type strain when competed during pellicle formation PubMed
• NCIB3610 hemAT mutant has higher fitness than hag mutant during pellicle formation PubMed
• NCIB3610 hemAT-hag double mutant has similar fitness to single hag mutant during pellicle formation PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU10380

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

• HemAT protein has a moderate oxygen affinity PubMed

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • required for full expression of the phoD-tatAD-tatCD operon PubMed

• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s): heme

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:
  • HemAT-TatAC PubMed

• Localization:
  • forms clusters at the cell poles PubMed
  • homogeneous cytoplsmic distribution in chain-forming cells during the logarithmic phase PubMed
  • polar foci in individual cells at later growth stages PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU10380

• Structure: 1OR4 (in cyano-liganded form), 1OR6 PubMed

• UniProt: O07621

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: hemAT PubMed

• Expression browser: hemAT PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigD PubMed

• Regulation:

• Regulatory mechanism:

• Additional information:
  • in minimal medium, HemAT is present with 19,000 +/- 3,900 molecules per cell PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium): 1095 PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (complex medium with amino acids, without glucose): 1803 PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, exponential phase): 3169 PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, early stationary phase after glucose exhaustion): 966 PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, late stationary phase after glucose exhaustion): 1236 PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:
  • TB239 (hemAT::neo in 168) PubMed
  • TB241 (hemAT::neo in NCIB3610) PubMed
  • TB244 amyE::Phy-sfgfp (hemAT::neo in NCIB3610 with constitutive expressed sfgfp) PubMed
  • TB243 amyE::Phy-mKATE2 (hemAT::neo in NCIB3610 with constitutive expressed mKATE2) PubMed

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

• Akos T Kovacs

References

Reviews

Markéta Martínková, Kenichi Kitanishi, Toru Shimizu
Heme-based globin-coupled oxygen sensors: linking oxygen binding to functional regulation of diguanylate cyclase, histidine kinase, and methyl-accepting chemotaxis.
J Biol Chem: 2013, 288(39);27702-11
[PubMed:23928310] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Original publications

Theresa Hölscher, Benjamin Bartels, Yu-Cheng Lin, Ramses Gallegos-Monterrosa, Alexa Price-Whelan, Roberto Kolter, Lars E P Dietrich, Ákos T Kovács
Motility, Chemotaxis and Aerotaxis Contribute to Competitiveness during Bacterial Pellicle Biofilm Development.
J Mol Biol: 2015, 427(23);3695-3708
[PubMed:26122431] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Carmine G Monteferrante, Calum MacKichan, Elodie Marchadier, Maria-Victoria Prejean, Rut Carballido-López, Jan Maarten van Dijl
Mapping the twin-arginine protein translocation network of Bacillus subtilis.
Proteomics: 2013, 13(5);800-11
[PubMed:23180473] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Yuu Yoshida, Haruto Ishikawa, Shigetoshi Aono, Yasuhisa Mizutani
Structural dynamics of proximal heme pocket in HemAT-Bs associated with oxygen dissociation.
Biochim Biophys Acta: 2012, 1824(7);866-72
[PubMed:22564695] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Vincent J Cannistraro, George D Glekas, Christopher V Rao, George W Ordal
Cellular stoichiometry of the chemotaxis proteins in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(13);3220-7
[PubMed:21515776] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Hideaki Yoshimura, Shiro Yoshioka, Katsuaki Kobayashi, Takehiro Ohta, Takeshi Uchida, Minoru Kubo, Teizo Kitagawa, Shigetoshi Aono
Specific hydrogen-bonding networks responsible for selective O2 sensing of the oxygen sensor protein HemAT from Bacillus subtilis.
Biochemistry: 2006, 45(27);8301-7
[PubMed:16819829] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Masakuni Serizawa, Hiroki Yamamoto, Hirotake Yamaguchi, Yasutaro Fujita, Kazuo Kobayashi, Naotake Ogasawara, Junichi Sekiguchi
Systematic analysis of SigD-regulated genes in Bacillus subtilis by DNA microarray and Northern blotting analyses.
Gene: 2004, 329;125-36
[PubMed:15033535] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Hou, T Freitas, R W Larsen, M Piatibratov, V Sivozhelezov, A Yamamoto, E A Meleshkevitch, M Zimmer, G W Ordal, M Alam
Globin-coupled sensors: a class of heme-containing sensors in Archaea and Bacteria.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2001, 98(16);9353-8
[PubMed:11481493] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Hou, R W Larsen, D Boudko, C W Riley, E Karatan, M Zimmer, G W Ordal, M Alam
Myoglobin-like aerotaxis transducers in Archaea and Bacteria.
Nature: 2000, 403(6769);540-4
[PubMed:10676961] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)