DegS

• Description: two-component sensor kinase for exoenzyme and competence regulation, kinase activity is activated in response to inhibition of flagellar rotation
  
  

Gene name	degS
Synonyms	sacU
Essential	no
Product	two-component sensor kinase
Function	regulation of degradative enzyme and genetic competence
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: degS
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: DegS
MW, pI	44 kDa, 5.988
Gene length, protein length	1155 bp, 385 aa
Immediate neighbours	degU, yvyE
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

protein modification, transcription factors and their control, phosphoproteins

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU35500

Phenotypes of a mutant

• the mutation suppresses the mucoid phenotype of motA or motB mutants due to loss of DegU phosphorylation and concomitant reduced expression of the capB-capC-capA-capE operon PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU35500

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • autophosphorylation, autodephosphorylation, phosphorylation of DegU on Asp-56 PubMed

• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:
  • aa 12 ... 170: unknown DegS domain
  • aa 180 ... 248: HisKA_3 domain (autophosphorylation)
  • aa 289 ... 384: HATPase_c

• Modification:
  • phosphorylation on Ser-76 PubMed, this stimulates phosphotransfer from His-189 to DegU PubMed, the phosphorylyation is performed by PrkD in vitro PubMed
  • autophosphorylation on His-189

• Cofactors:

• Effectors of protein activity:
  • DegQ (stimulation of autophosphorylation) PubMed
  • inhibition of flagellar rotation stimulates kinase activity PubMed

• Interactions:
  • DegS-DegU
  • DegS-DegQ PubMed

• Localization: Cytoplasm (Homogeneous) PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU35500

• Structure:

• UniProt: P13799

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: degS-degU PubMed

• Expression browser: degS PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed

• Regulation:

• Regulatory mechanism:

• Additional information:
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium): 69 PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

Tarek Msadek, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

References

Reviews

Robert Belas
When the swimming gets tough, the tough form a biofilm.
Mol Microbiol: 2013, 90(1);1-5
[PubMed:23927648] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Original Publications

Jia Mun Chan, Sarah B Guttenplan, Daniel B Kearns
Defects in the flagellar motor increase synthesis of poly-γ-glutamate in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2014, 196(4);740-53
[PubMed:24296669] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Lynne S Cairns, Victoria L Marlow, Emma Bissett, Adam Ostrowski, Nicola R Stanley-Wall
A mechanical signal transmitted by the flagellum controls signalling in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2013, 90(1);6-21
[PubMed:23888912] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Thi-Huyen Do, Yuki Suzuki, Naoki Abe, Jun Kaneko, Yoshifumi Itoh, Keitarou Kimura
Mutations suppressing the loss of DegQ function in Bacillus subtilis (natto) poly-γ-glutamate synthesis.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2011, 77(23);8249-58
[PubMed:21965392] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Carsten Jers, Ahasanul Kobir, Elsebeth Oline Søndergaard, Peter Ruhdal Jensen, Ivan Mijakovic
Bacillus subtilis two-component system sensory kinase DegS is regulated by serine phosphorylation in its input domain.
PLoS One: 2011, 6(2);e14653
[PubMed:21304896] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Kazuo Kobayashi
Gradual activation of the response regulator DegU controls serial expression of genes for flagellum formation and biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2007, 66(2);395-409
[PubMed:17850253] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Boris Macek, Ivan Mijakovic, Jesper V Olsen, Florian Gnad, Chanchal Kumar, Peter R Jensen, Matthias Mann
The serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphoproteome of the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Cell Proteomics: 2007, 6(4);697-707
[PubMed:17218307] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Jean-Christophe Meile, Ling Juan Wu, S Dusko Ehrlich, Jeff Errington, Philippe Noirot
Systematic localisation of proteins fused to the green fluorescent protein in Bacillus subtilis: identification of new proteins at the DNA replication factory.
Proteomics: 2006, 6(7);2135-46
[PubMed:16479537] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Leif Steil, Tamara Hoffmann, Ina Budde, Uwe Völker, Erhard Bremer
Genome-wide transcriptional profiling analysis of adaptation of Bacillus subtilis to high salinity.
J Bacteriol: 2003, 185(21);6358-70
[PubMed:14563871] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

U Mäder, H Antelmann, T Buder, M K Dahl, M Hecker, G Homuth
Bacillus subtilis functional genomics: genome-wide analysis of the DegS-DegU regulon by transcriptomics and proteomics.
Mol Genet Genomics: 2002, 268(4);455-67
[PubMed:12471443] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

C Fabret, V A Feher, J A Hoch
Two-component signal transduction in Bacillus subtilis: how one organism sees its world.
J Bacteriol: 1999, 181(7);1975-83
[PubMed:10094672] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

K Mukai, M Kawata-Mukai, T Tanaka
Stabilization of phosphorylated Bacillus subtilis DegU by DegR.
J Bacteriol: 1992, 174(24);7954-62
[PubMed:1459944] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M K Dahl, T Msadek, F Kunst, G Rapoport
Mutational analysis of the Bacillus subtilis DegU regulator and its phosphorylation by the DegS protein kinase.
J Bacteriol: 1991, 173(8);2539-47
[PubMed:1901568] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

T Msadek, F Kunst, D Henner, A Klier, G Rapoport, R Dedonder
Signal transduction pathway controlling synthesis of a class of degradative enzymes in Bacillus subtilis: expression of the regulatory genes and analysis of mutations in degS and degU.
J Bacteriol: 1990, 172(2);824-34
[PubMed:1688843] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)