DisA

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  • Description: DNA integrity scanning protein,diadenylate cyclase, delays sporulation in the case of chromosome damage, the DisA-dependent checkpoint arrests DNA replication during B. subtilis spore outgrowth until the germinating spore's genome is free of damage

Gene name disA
Synonyms yacK
Essential no
Product DNA integrity scanning protein, has diadenylate cyclase activity
Function control of sporulation initiation
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: disA
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: DisA
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways:
Stress
MW, pI 40 kDa, 5.569
Gene length, protein length 1080 bp, 360 aa
Immediate neighbours radA, yacL
Sequences Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context
YacK context.gif
This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed
DisA expression.png















Categories containing this gene/protein

cell division, metabolism of signalling nucleotides, sporulation/ other, general stress proteins (controlled by SigB), cell envelope stress proteins (controlled by SigM, V, W, X, Y), heat shock proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

CtsR regulon, SigB regulon, SigM regulon

The gene

Basic information

  • Locus tag: BSU00880

Phenotypes of a mutant

Database entries

  • DBTBS entry: [1]
  • SubtiList entry: [2]

Additional information

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

  • Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
    • synthesis of c-di-AMP from two molecules of ATP PubMed
  • Protein family: disA family (according to Swiss-Prot)
  • Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

  • Kinetic information:
  • Domains:
  • Modification:
  • Cofactor(s):
  • Effectors of protein activity:
  • Localization:
    • see a video showing the movement of DisA in the cell (in real time) PubMed
    • forms discrete globular foci in germinating spres that colocalize with the nucleoid PubMed

Database entries

  • KEGG entry: [3]
  • E.C. number:

Additional information

Expression and regulation

  • Regulatory mechanism: CtsR: transcription repression PubMed
  • Additional information:

Biological materials

  • Expression vector:
    • IPTG inducible expression of His-disA in E. coli: pGP2563 (in pET19b), available in Jörg Stülke's lab
  • lacZ fusion:
  • GFP fusion:
  • two-hybrid system:
  • Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

Your additional remarks

References

Reviews

Original publications

Silvia S Campos, Juan R Ibarra-Rodriguez, Rocío C Barajas-Ornelas, Fernando H Ramírez-Guadiana, Armando Obregón-Herrera, Peter Setlow, Mario Pedraza-Reyes
Interaction of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases Nfo and ExoA with the DNA integrity scanning protein DisA in the processing of oxidative DNA damage during Bacillus subtilis spore outgrowth.
J Bacteriol: 2014, 196(3);568-78
[PubMed:24244006] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Lei Zhang, Zheng-Guo He
Radiation-sensitive gene A (RadA) targets DisA, DNA integrity scanning protein A, to negatively affect cyclic Di-AMP synthesis activity in Mycobacterium smegmatis.
J Biol Chem: 2013, 288(31);22426-36
[PubMed:23760274] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Cao Zheng, Jieping Wang, Yunchao Luo, Yang Fu, Jianmei Su, Jin He
Highly efficient enzymatic preparation of c-di-AMP using the diadenylate cyclase DisA from Bacillus thuringiensis.
Enzyme Microb Technol: 2013, 52(6-7);319-24
[PubMed:23608499] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Felix M P Mehne, Katrin Gunka, Hinnerk Eilers, Christina Herzberg, Volkhard Kaever, Jörg Stülke
Cyclic di-AMP homeostasis in bacillus subtilis: both lack and high level accumulation of the nucleotide are detrimental for cell growth.
J Biol Chem: 2013, 288(3);2004-17
[PubMed:23192352] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Yaara Oppenheimer-Shaanan, Ezequiel Wexselblatt, Jehoshua Katzhendler, Eylon Yavin, Sigal Ben-Yehuda
c-di-AMP reports DNA integrity during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
EMBO Rep: 2011, 12(6);594-601
[PubMed:21566650] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Gregor Witte, Sophia Hartung, Katharina Büttner, Karl-Peter Hopfner
Structural biochemistry of a bacterial checkpoint protein reveals diadenylate cyclase activity regulated by DNA recombination intermediates.
Mol Cell: 2008, 30(2);167-78
[PubMed:18439896] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Adrian J Jervis, Penny D Thackray, Chris W Houston, Malcolm J Horsburgh, Anne Moir
SigM-responsive genes of Bacillus subtilis and their promoters.
J Bacteriol: 2007, 189(12);4534-8
[PubMed:17434969] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Michal Bejerano-Sagie, Yaara Oppenheimer-Shaanan, Idit Berlatzky, Alex Rouvinski, Mor Meyerovich, Sigal Ben-Yehuda
A checkpoint protein that scans the chromosome for damage at the start of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
Cell: 2006, 125(4);679-90
[PubMed:16713562] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Erik Boye
DisA, a busy bee that monitors chromosome integrity.
Cell: 2006, 125(4);641-3
[PubMed:16713555] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Sigal Ben-Yehuda, David Z Rudner, Richard Losick
RacA, a bacterial protein that anchors chromosomes to the cell poles.
Science: 2003, 299(5606);532-6
[PubMed:12493822] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

A Petersohn, M Brigulla, S Haas, J D Hoheisel, U Völker, M Hecker
Global analysis of the general stress response of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2001, 183(19);5617-31
[PubMed:11544224] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

I Derré, G Rapoport, T Msadek
CtsR, a novel regulator of stress and heat shock response, controls clp and molecular chaperone gene expression in gram-positive bacteria.
Mol Microbiol: 1999, 31(1);117-31
[PubMed:9987115] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

E Krüger, T Msadek, M Hecker
Alternate promoters direct stress-induced transcription of the Bacillus subtilis clpC operon.
Mol Microbiol: 1996, 20(4);713-23
[PubMed:8793870] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

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