Fnr

• Description: transcriptional regulator of anaerobic genes
  
  

Gene name	fnr
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	transcription regulator (Crp family)
Function	regulation of anaerobiosis, fermentation and overflow metabolism
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: fnr
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: Alternative nitrogen sources
MW, pI	27 kDa, 5.989
Gene length, protein length	714 bp, 238 aa
Immediate neighbours	ywiC, narK
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

regulators of electron transport, transcription factors and their control

This gene is a member of the following regulons

Fnr regulon, NsrR regulon, ResD regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU37310

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity: contains an iron-sulfur cluster

• Interactions:

• Localization: cytoplasm (according to Swiss-Prot)

Database entries

• Structure:

• UniProt: P46908

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon:
  • narK-fnr PubMed
  • fnr PubMed

• Expression browser: fnr PubMed

• Sigma factor:
  • narK: SigA PubMed
  • fnr: SigA PubMed

• Regulation:
  • narK: expressed under anaerobic conditions (Fnr) PubMed
  • fnr: expressed under anaerobic conditions (ResD) PubMed
  • induced by nitric oxide under anaerobic conditions (NsrR) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • ResD: transcription activation PubMed
  • NsrR: transcription repression PubMed
  • Fnr: transcription activation PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Reviews

Elisabeth Härtig, Dieter Jahn
Regulation of the anaerobic metabolism in Bacillus subtilis.
Adv Microb Physiol: 2012, 61;195-216
[PubMed:23046954] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

The Fnr regulon

Heike Reents, Richard Münch, Thorben Dammeyer, Dieter Jahn, Elisabeth Härtig
The Fnr regulon of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2006, 188(3);1103-12
[PubMed:16428414] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Other original publications

Ines Gruner, Claudia Frädrich, Lars H Böttger, Alfred X Trautwein, Dieter Jahn, Elisabeth Härtig
Aspartate 141 is the fourth ligand of the oxygen-sensing [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster of Bacillus subtilis transcriptional regulator Fnr.
J Biol Chem: 2011, 286(3);2017-21
[PubMed:21068385] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Michiko M Nakano, Hao Geng, Shunji Nakano, Kazuo Kobayashi
The nitric oxide-responsive regulator NsrR controls ResDE-dependent gene expression.
J Bacteriol: 2006, 188(16);5878-87
[PubMed:16885456] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M M Nakano, Y Zhu, M Lacelle, X Zhang, F M Hulett
Interaction of ResD with regulatory regions of anaerobically induced genes in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2000, 37(5);1198-207
[PubMed:10972836] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M M Nakano, P Zuber, P Glaser, A Danchin, F M Hulett
Two-component regulatory proteins ResD-ResE are required for transcriptional activation of fnr upon oxygen limitation in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1996, 178(13);3796-802
[PubMed:8682783] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

H Cruz Ramos, L Boursier, I Moszer, F Kunst, A Danchin, P Glaser
Anaerobic transcription activation in Bacillus subtilis: identification of distinct FNR-dependent and -independent regulatory mechanisms.
EMBO J: 1995, 14(23);5984-94
[PubMed:8846791] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)