HypR

• Description: MarR/DUF24 family transcription regulator, positively controls the nitroreductase gene hypO in response to disulfide stress
  
  

Gene name	hypR
Synonyms	yybR
Essential	no
Product	MarR/DUF24 family transcription regulator HypR
Function	control of the nitroreductase gene hypO in response to disulfide stress (diamide, NaOCl)
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: hypR
MW, pI	14 kDa, 8.415
Gene length, protein length	375 bp, 125 aa
Immediate neighbours	cotF, ppaC
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

transcription factors and their control, resistance against oxidative and electrophile stress

This gene is a member of the following regulons

HypR regulon

The HypR regulon:

• hypR, hypO

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU40540

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

Additional information

• hypR is autoregulated by disulfide stress

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family: MarR/DUF24 family

• Paralogous protein(s): YdeP,YkvN

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information: Cys14 redox sensing Cys, has lower pKa of 6.36 PubMed

• Domains:
  • 5 alpha helices, 2 beta sheets, MarR-fold with wHTH motif, alpha4 major groove recognition helix, beta2 and 3 form the wing; alpha5 dimer interface PubMed

• Modification:
  • oxidized to Cys14-Cys49' intersubunit disulfides by disulfide stress PubMed
  • Cys14 and Cys49' are about 8-9 Angström apart in reduced HypR-Dimer, oxidation moves the major groove recognition alpha4 helices of the HypR dimer about 4 Angstroem towards each other that leads to activation of HypR PubMed

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:

• Localization:
  • cytoplasmic

Database entries

• Structure:
  • 4A5N (reduced HypRC14S dimer) PubMed
  • 4A5M (oxidized HypR C14-C49' intersubunit disulfide-linked dimer ) PubMed

• UniProt: P37486

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: hypR PubMed

• Expression browser: hypR PubMed

• Sigma factor:

• Regulation:
  • activated by disulfide stress conditions (diamide, NaOCl) in vivo and in vitro (autoregulation) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • HypR: transcription activation (autoregulation)PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

• Haike Antelmann,University of Greifswald, Germany

References

Reviews

Antelmann H, Helmann JD.
Thiol-based redox switches and gene regulation.
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011,14:1049-63.
PubMed

Original articles

Palm GJ, Khanh Chi B, Waack P, Gronau K, Becher D, Albrecht D, Hinrichs W, Read RJ, Antelmann H.
Structural insights into the redox-switch mechanism of the MarR/DUF24-type regulator HypR.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2012, Jan 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PubMed