WalR

• Description: two-component response regulator, controls cell wall metabolism
  
  

Gene name	walR
Synonyms	yycF
Essential	yes PubMed
Product	two-component response regulator
Function	control of cell wall metabolism
MW, pI	27 kDa, 4.876
Gene length, protein length	705 bp, 235 aa
Immediate neighbours	walK, trnY-Phe
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU40410

Phenotypes of a mutant

essential PubMed

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family: OmpR family of two-component transcription regulators

• Paralogous protein(s):

Genes controlled by WalR PubMed

• Activation by WalR: cwlO, lytE, ydjM, yocH, ftsA-ftsZ PubMed
• Repression by WalR: iseA, yjeA

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification: phosphorylated by WalK on an Asp residue

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity: phosphorylation likely affects DNA-binding activity

• Interactions: WalK-WalR

• Localization: cytoplasm (according to Swiss-Prot)

Database entries

• Structure: 2D1V (DNA binding domain), 2ZWM (receiver domain)

• UniProt: P37478

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: walR-walK-yycH-yycI-yycJ-yyxA PubMed

• Sigma factor:

• Regulation: expressed during vegetative growth, repressed during stationary phase PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Reviews

Sarah Dubrac, Paola Bisicchia, Kevin M Devine, Tarek Msadek
A matter of life and death: cell wall homeostasis and the WalKR (YycGF) essential signal transduction pathway.
Mol Microbiol: 2008, 70(6);1307-22
[PubMed:19019149] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Sarah Dubrac, Tarek Msadek
Tearing down the wall: peptidoglycan metabolism and the WalK/WalR (YycG/YycF) essential two-component system.
Adv Exp Med Biol: 2008, 631;214-28
[PubMed:18792692] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Original Publications

Haiyan Zhao, Annie Heroux, Reuben D Sequeira, Liang Tang
Preliminary crystallographic studies of the regulatory domain of response regulator YycF from an essential two-component signal transduction system.
Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun: 2009, 65(Pt 7);719-22
[PubMed:19574649] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Tatsuya Fukushima, Hendrik Szurmant, Eun-Ja Kim, Marta Perego, James A Hoch
A sensor histidine kinase co-ordinates cell wall architecture with cell division in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2008, 69(3);621-32
[PubMed:18573169] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Sarah Dubrac, Ivo Gomperts Boneca, Olivier Poupel, Tarek Msadek
New insights into the WalK/WalR (YycG/YycF) essential signal transduction pathway reveal a major role in controlling cell wall metabolism and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus.
J Bacteriol: 2007, 189(22);8257-69
[PubMed:17827301] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Paola Bisicchia, David Noone, Efthimia Lioliou, Alistair Howell, Sarah Quigley, Thomas Jensen, Hanne Jarmer, Kevin M Devine
The essential YycFG two-component system controls cell wall metabolism in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2007, 65(1);180-200
[PubMed:17581128] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Patrick D McLaughlin, Benjamin G Bobay, Erin J Regel, Richele J Thompson, James A Hoch, John Cavanagh
Predominantly buried residues in the response regulator Spo0F influence specific sensor kinase recognition.
FEBS Lett: 2007, 581(7);1425-9
[PubMed:17350627] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Hendrik Szurmant, Kristine Nelson, Eun-Ja Kim, Marta Perego, James A Hoch
YycH regulates the activity of the essential YycFG two-component system in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2005, 187(15);5419-26
[PubMed:16030236] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Alistair Howell, Sarah Dubrac, Kasper Krogh Andersen, David Noone, Juliette Fert, Tarek Msadek, Kevin Devine
Genes controlled by the essential YycG/YycF two-component system of Bacillus subtilis revealed through a novel hybrid regulator approach.
Mol Microbiol: 2003, 49(6);1639-55
[PubMed:12950927] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Keisuke Fukuchi, Yasuhiro Kasahara, Kei Asai, Kazuo Kobayashi, Shigeki Moriya, Naotake Ogasawara
The essential two-component regulatory system encoded by yycF and yycG modulates expression of the ftsAZ operon in Bacillus subtilis.
Microbiology (Reading): 2000, 146 ( Pt 7);1573-1583
[PubMed:10878122] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

C Fabret, V A Feher, J A Hoch
Two-component signal transduction in Bacillus subtilis: how one organism sees its world.
J Bacteriol: 1999, 181(7);1975-83
[PubMed:10094672] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

C Fabret, J A Hoch
A two-component signal transduction system essential for growth of Bacillus subtilis: implications for anti-infective therapy.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(23);6375-83
[PubMed:9829949] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)