FlhF

• Description: signal recognition particle-like GTPase, placement and assembly of flagella, control of basal body position
  
  

Gene name	flhF
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	signal recognition particle-like GTPase
Function	placement and assembly of polar flagella
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: flhF
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: FlhF
MW, pI	40 kDa, 8.719
Gene length, protein length	1098 bp, 366 aa
Immediate neighbours	flhA, flhG
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

motility and chemotaxis, membrane proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

CodY regulon, DegU regulon, SigD regulon, Spo0A regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU16400

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU16400

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • GTPase activity PubMed
  • placement of the first flagellar protein, FliF PubMed

• Protein family: GTP-binding SRP family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:
  • interaction with FlhG activates the GTPase activity of FlhF PubMed

• Interactions:
  • FlhG-FlhF (FlhG binds the GTP-bound homodimer of FlhF) PubMed

• Localization:
  • cell membrane (according to Swiss-Prot)

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU16400

• Structure:
  • 2PX3 (complexed with GTP-Mg2+) PubMed
  • 3SYN (complex with its activator YlxH) PubMed

• UniProt: Q01960

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon:
  • flgB-flgC-fliE-fliF-fliG-fliH-fliI-fliJ-ylxF-fliK-flgD-flgE-fliL-fliM-fliY-cheY-fliZ-fliP-fliQ-fliR-flhB-flhA-flhF-flhG-cheB-cheA-cheW-cheC-cheD-sigD-swrB PubMed
  • ylxF-fliK-flgD-flgE-fliL-fliM-fliY-cheY-fliZ-fliP-fliQ-fliR-flhB-flhA-flhF-flhG-cheB-cheA-cheW-cheC-cheD-sigD-swrB PubMed

• Expression browser: flhF PubMed

• Sigma factor:
  • flgB: SigA PubMed, SigD PubMed
  • ylxF: SigD PubMed

• Regulation:
  • repressed under conditions that trigger sporulation (Spo0A) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • Spo0A: transcription repression PubMed
  • CodY: transcription repression PubMed
  • DegU (non-phosphorylated): transcription activation PubMed
  • DegU-P: transcription repression PubMed
  • DegU-P in complex with SwrA: transcription activation PubMed

• Additional information:
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium): 61 PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (complex medium with amino acids, without glucose): 111 PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:
  • 1A925 ( flhF::cat), PubMed, available at BGSC

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Serena Mordini, Cecilia Osera, Simone Marini, Francesco Scavone, Riccardo Bellazzi, Alessandro Galizzi, Cinzia Calvio
The role of SwrA, DegU and P(D3) in fla/che expression in B. subtilis.
PLoS One: 2013, 8(12);e85065
[PubMed:24386445] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Sarah B Guttenplan, Sidney Shaw, Daniel B Kearns
The cell biology of peritrichous flagella in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2013, 87(1);211-29
[PubMed:23190039] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Gert Bange, Nico Kümmerer, Przemyslaw Grudnik, Robert Lindner, Georg Petzold, Dieter Kressler, Ed Hurt, Klemens Wild, Irmgard Sinning
Structural basis for the molecular evolution of SRP-GTPase activation by protein.
Nat Struct Mol Biol: 2011, 18(12);1376-80
[PubMed:22056770] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Kazuo Kobayashi
Gradual activation of the response regulator DegU controls serial expression of genes for flagellum formation and biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2007, 66(2);395-409
[PubMed:17850253] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Gert Bange, Georg Petzold, Klemens Wild, Richard O Parlitz, Irmgard Sinning
The crystal structure of the third signal-recognition particle GTPase FlhF reveals a homodimer with bound GTP.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2007, 104(34);13621-5
[PubMed:17699634] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Geeske Zanen, Haike Antelmann, Helga Westers, Michael Hecker, Jan Maarten van Dijl, Wim J Quax
FlhF, the third signal recognition particle-GTPase of Bacillus subtilis, is dispensable for protein secretion.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(17);5956-60
[PubMed:15317803] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

H Werhane, P Lopez, M Mendel, M Zimmer, G W Ordal, L M Márquez-Magaña
The last gene of the fla/che operon in Bacillus subtilis, ylxL, is required for maximal sigmaD function.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(12);4025-9
[PubMed:15175317] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Virginie Molle, Masaya Fujita, Shane T Jensen, Patrick Eichenberger, José E González-Pastor, Jun S Liu, Richard Losick
The Spo0A regulon of Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2003, 50(5);1683-701
[PubMed:14651647] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

W Estacio, S S Anna-Arriola, M Adedipe, L M Márquez-Magaña
Dual promoters are responsible for transcription initiation of the fla/che operon in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(14);3548-55
[PubMed:9657996] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L M Márquez-Magaña, M J Chamberlin
Characterization of the sigD transcription unit of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1994, 176(8);2427-34
[PubMed:8157612] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

P B Carpenter, D W Hanlon, G W Ordal
flhF, a Bacillus subtilis flagellar gene that encodes a putative GTP-binding protein.
Mol Microbiol: 1992, 6(18);2705-13
[PubMed:1447978] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)