SigW

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  • Description: RNA polymerase ECF-type sigma factor SigW, activated by alkaline shock and by polymyxin B, vancomycin, cephalosporin C, D-cycloserine, and triton X-100

Gene name sigW
Synonyms ybbL
Essential no
Product RNA polymerase ECF-type sigma factor SigW
Function resistance against SdpC
that functions in detoxification and/or
production of antimicrobial compounds
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: sigW
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: SigW
MW, pI 21 kDa, 8.614
Gene length, protein length 561 bp, 187 aa
Immediate neighbours trnSL-Gln2, rsiW
Sequences Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context
SigW context.gif
This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed
SigW expression.png















Categories containing this gene/protein

transcription, sigma factors and their control, cell envelope stress proteins (controlled by SigM, V, W, X, Y)

This gene is a member of the following regulons

AbrB regulon, SigW regulon

The SigW regulon

The gene

Basic information

  • Locus tag: BSU01730

Phenotypes of a mutant

  • sensitive to ß-lactam antibiotics such as cefuroxime and to fosfomycin PubMed
  • Inactivation of alsR, sigD and sigW increases competitive fitness of Bacillus subtilis under non-sporulating conditions PubMed

Database entries

  • DBTBS entry: [1]
  • SubtiList entry: [2]

Additional information

  • A mutation was found in this gene after evolution under relaxed selection for sporulation PubMed

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

  • Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • Protein family: ECF subfamily (according to Swiss-Prot)
  • Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

  • Kinetic information:
  • Domains:
  • Modification:
  • Cofactor(s):
  • Effectors of protein activity: RsiW acts as antagonist of SigW (anti-SigW)

Database entries

  • Structure:
  • KEGG entry: [3]
  • E.C. number:

Additional information

Expression and regulation

  • Regulation:
    • induced under conditions of alkali shock or in the presence of the toxin SdpC (SigW) PubMed
    • repressed during logrithmic growth (AbrB) PubMed
  • Regulatory mechanism:
  • Additional information:

Biological materials

  • Mutant:
  • Expression vector:
  • lacZ fusion:
  • GFP fusion:
  • two-hybrid system:
  • Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

John Helmann, Cornell University, USA Homepage

Thomas Wiegert, University of Bayreuth, Germany Homepage

Your additional remarks

References

Reviews

The SigW regulon

Chun-Kai Yang, Phang C Tai, Chung-Dar Lu
Time-related transcriptome analysis of B. subtilis 168 during growth with glucose.
Curr Microbiol: 2014, 68(1);12-20
[PubMed:23934352] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jessica C Zweers, Pierre Nicolas, Thomas Wiegert, Jan Maarten van Dijl, Emma L Denham
Definition of the σ(W) regulon of Bacillus subtilis in the absence of stress.
PLoS One: 2012, 7(11);e48471
[PubMed:23155385] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Thorsten Mascher, Anna-Barbara Hachmann, John D Helmann
Regulatory overlap and functional redundancy among Bacillus subtilis extracytoplasmic function sigma factors.
J Bacteriol: 2007, 189(19);6919-27
[PubMed:17675383] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Bronwyn G Butcher, John D Helmann
Identification of Bacillus subtilis sigma-dependent genes that provide intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial compounds produced by Bacilli.
Mol Microbiol: 2006, 60(3);765-82
[PubMed:16629676] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Min Cao, Phil A Kobel, Maud M Morshedi, Ming Fang Winston Wu, Chris Paddon, John D Helmann
Defining the Bacillus subtilis sigma(W) regulon: a comparative analysis of promoter consensus search, run-off transcription/macroarray analysis (ROMA), and transcriptional profiling approaches.
J Mol Biol: 2002, 316(3);443-57
[PubMed:11866510] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M S Turner, J D Helmann
Mutations in multidrug efflux homologs, sugar isomerases, and antimicrobial biosynthesis genes differentially elevate activity of the sigma(X) and sigma(W) factors in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2000, 182(18);5202-10
[PubMed:10960106] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

X Huang, A Gaballa, M Cao, J D Helmann
Identification of target promoters for the Bacillus subtilis extracytoplasmic function sigma factor, sigma W.
Mol Microbiol: 1999, 31(1);361-71
[PubMed:9987136] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

X Huang, K L Fredrick, J D Helmann
Promoter recognition by Bacillus subtilis sigmaW: autoregulation and partial overlap with the sigmaX regulon.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(15);3765-70
[PubMed:9683469] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Other original publications

Wen-Bang Yu, Chun-Yun Yin, Ying Zhou, Bang-Ce Ye
Prediction of the mechanism of action of fusaricidin on Bacillus subtilis.
PLoS One: 2012, 7(11);e50003
[PubMed:23185515] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Wayne L Nicholson
Increased competitive fitness of Bacillus subtilis under nonsporulating conditions via inactivation of pleiotropic regulators AlsR, SigD, and SigW.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2012, 78(9);3500-3
[PubMed:22344650] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Yong Heon Lee, Anthony W Kingston, John D Helmann
Glutamate dehydrogenase affects resistance to cell wall antibiotics in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(5);993-1001
[PubMed:22178969] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Christopher T Brown, Laura K Fishwick, Binna M Chokshi, Marissa A Cuff, Jay M Jackson, Travis Oglesby, Alison T Rioux, Enrique Rodriguez, Gregory S Stupp, Austin H Trupp, James S Woollcombe-Clarke, Tracy N Wright, William J Zaragoza, Jennifer C Drew, Eric W Triplett, Wayne L Nicholson
Whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic analysis of Bacillus subtilis mutants following evolution under conditions of relaxed selection for sporulation.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2011, 77(19);6867-77
[PubMed:21821766] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Anthony W Kingston, Chitra Subramanian, Charles O Rock, John D Helmann
A σW-dependent stress response in Bacillus subtilis that reduces membrane fluidity.
Mol Microbiol: 2011, 81(1);69-79
[PubMed:21542858] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Yun Luo, Kei Asai, Yoshito Sadaie, John D Helmann
Transcriptomic and phenotypic characterization of a Bacillus subtilis strain without extracytoplasmic function σ factors.
J Bacteriol: 2010, 192(21);5736-45
[PubMed:20817771] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jessica C Zweers, Thomas Wiegert, Jan Maarten van Dijl
Stress-responsive systems set specific limits to the overproduction of membrane proteins in Bacillus subtilis.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2009, 75(23);7356-64
[PubMed:19820159] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

John D Helmann
Deciphering a complex genetic regulatory network: the Bacillus subtilis sigmaW protein and intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial compounds.
Sci Prog: 2006, 89(Pt 3-4);243-66
[PubMed:17338440] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Craig D Ellermeier, Richard Losick
Evidence for a novel protease governing regulated intramembrane proteolysis and resistance to antimicrobial peptides in Bacillus subtilis.
Genes Dev: 2006, 20(14);1911-22
[PubMed:16816000] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Mika Yoshimura, Kei Asai, Yoshito Sadaie, Hirofumi Yoshikawa
Interaction of Bacillus subtilis extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors with the N-terminal regions of their potential anti-sigma factors.
Microbiology (Reading): 2004, 150(Pt 3);591-599
[PubMed:14993308] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Leif Steil, Tamara Hoffmann, Ina Budde, Uwe Völker, Erhard Bremer
Genome-wide transcriptional profiling analysis of adaptation of Bacillus subtilis to high salinity.
J Bacteriol: 2003, 185(21);6358-70
[PubMed:14563871] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Min Cao, Tao Wang, Rick Ye, John D Helmann
Antibiotics that inhibit cell wall biosynthesis induce expression of the Bacillus subtilis sigma(W) and sigma(M) regulons.
Mol Microbiol: 2002, 45(5);1267-76
[PubMed:12207695] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Qiang Qian, Chien Y Lee, John D Helmann, Mark A Strauch
AbrB is a regulator of the sigma(W) regulon in Bacillus subtilis.
FEMS Microbiol Lett: 2002, 211(2);219-23
[PubMed:12076816] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

T Wiegert, G Homuth, S Versteeg, W Schumann
Alkaline shock induces the Bacillus subtilis sigma(W) regulon.
Mol Microbiol: 2001, 41(1);59-71
[PubMed:11454200] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J Qiu, J D Helmann
The -10 region is a key promoter specificity determinant for the Bacillus subtilis extracytoplasmic-function sigma factors sigma(X) and sigma(W).
J Bacteriol: 2001, 183(6);1921-7
[PubMed:11222589] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

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