TnrA

• Description: transcriptional pleiotropic regulator invoved in global nitrogen regulation
  
  

Gene name	tnrA
Synonyms	scgR
Essential	no
Product	transcription activator/ repressor
Function	regulation of nitrogen assimilation
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: tnrA
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: TnrA
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: Lipid synthesis, Nucleotides (regulation), Ile, Leu, Val, Ammonium/ glutamate, Central C-metabolism, Cell wall, Coenzyme A, Phosphorelay, Alternative nitrogen sources
MW, pI	12 kDa, 10.235
Gene length, protein length	330 bp, 110 aa
Immediate neighbours	mgtE, ykzB
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

biosynthesis/ acquisition of amino acids, glutamate metabolism, transcription factors and their control, regulators of core metabolism

This gene is a member of the following regulons

GlnR regulon, TnrA regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU13310

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:
  • K(D) value for the binding site in the tnrA promoter region: 55 nM PubMed

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity: feedback-inhibited GlnA prevents TnrA from DNA binding

• Interactions:
  • TnrA-NrgB PubMed
  • TnrA-GlnA, this interaction results in loss of TnrA DNA-binding activity as well as in inhibition of GlnA PubMed

• Localization: membrane-associated via NrgA-NrgB under conditions of poor nitrogen supply PubMed

Database entries

• Structure:

• UniProt: Q45666

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: tnrA (according to DBTBS)

• Expression browser: tnrA PubMed

• Sigma factor:

• Regulation:
  • expression is autocativated (TnrA) and repressed by GlnR PubMed
  • expressed in the absence of good nitrogen sources (glutamine or ammonium) (TnrA) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • TnrA: transcription activation PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant: GP252 (in frame deletion), available in the Stülke lab
  • 1A851 ( tnrA::erm), PubMed, available at BGSC
  • 1A851 ( tnrA::erm), PubMed, available at BGSC

• Expression vector:
  • for expression, purification in E. coli with N-terminal His-tag, in pWH844: pGP171 available in Stülke lab
  • pGP229 (N-terminal Strep-tag, for SPINE, expression in B. subtilis, in pGP380), available in Stülke lab

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody: available in the Karl Forchhammer lab

Labs working on this gene/protein

Susan Fisher, Boston, USA homepage

References

Reviews

Katrin Gunka, Fabian M Commichau
Control of glutamate homeostasis in Bacillus subtilis: a complex interplay between ammonium assimilation, glutamate biosynthesis and degradation.
Mol Microbiol: 2012, 85(2);213-24
[PubMed:22625175] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Fabian M Commichau, Jörg Stülke
Trigger enzymes: bifunctional proteins active in metabolism and in controlling gene expression.
Mol Microbiol: 2008, 67(4);692-702
[PubMed:18086213] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S H Fisher
Regulation of nitrogen metabolism in Bacillus subtilis: vive la différence!
Mol Microbiol: 1999, 32(2);223-32
[PubMed:10231480] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

The TnrA regulon

Ken-ichi Yoshida, Hirotake Yamaguchi, Masaki Kinehara, Yo-hei Ohki, Yoshiko Nakaura, Yasutaro Fujita
Identification of additional TnrA-regulated genes of Bacillus subtilis associated with a TnrA box.
Mol Microbiol: 2003, 49(1);157-65
[PubMed:12823818] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Other original publications

Ksenia Fedorova, Airat Kayumov, Kathrin Woyda, Olga Ilinskaja, Karl Forchhammer
Transcription factor TnrA inhibits the biosynthetic activity of glutamine synthetase in Bacillus subtilis.
FEBS Lett: 2013, 587(9);1293-8
[PubMed:23535029] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Airat Kayumov, Annette Heinrich, Kseniya Fedorova, Olga Ilinskaya, Karl Forchhammer
Interaction of the general transcription factor TnrA with the PII-like protein GlnK and glutamine synthetase in Bacillus subtilis.
FEBS J: 2011, 278(10);1779-89
[PubMed:21435182] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Airat Kayumov, Annette Heinrich, Margarita Sharipova, Olga Iljinskaya, Karl Forchhammer
Inactivation of the general transcription factor TnrA in Bacillus subtilis by proteolysis.
Microbiology (Reading): 2008, 154(Pt 8);2348-2355
[PubMed:18667567] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Annette Heinrich, Kathrin Woyda, Katja Brauburger, Gregor Meiss, Christian Detsch, Jörg Stülke, Karl Forchhammer
Interaction of the membrane-bound GlnK-AmtB complex with the master regulator of nitrogen metabolism TnrA in Bacillus subtilis.
J Biol Chem: 2006, 281(46);34909-17
[PubMed:17001076] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Jill M Zalieckas, Lewis V Wray, Susan H Fisher
Cross-regulation of the Bacillus subtilis glnRA and tnrA genes provides evidence for DNA binding site discrimination by GlnR and TnrA.
J Bacteriol: 2006, 188(7);2578-85
[PubMed:16547045] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Alain Lévine, Françoise Vannier, Cédric Absalon, Lauriane Kuhn, Peter Jackson, Elaine Scrivener, Valérie Labas, Joëlle Vinh, Patrick Courtney, Jérôme Garin, Simone J Séror
Analysis of the dynamic Bacillus subtilis Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphoproteome implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes.
Proteomics: 2006, 6(7);2157-73
[PubMed:16493705] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Shigeo Tojo, Takenori Satomura, Kaori Morisaki, Ken-Ichi Yoshida, Kazutake Hirooka, Yasutaro Fujita
Negative transcriptional regulation of the ilv-leu operon for biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids through the Bacillus subtilis global regulator TnrA.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(23);7971-9
[PubMed:15547269] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Boris R Belitsky, Abraham L Sonenshein
Modulation of activity of Bacillus subtilis regulatory proteins GltC and TnrA by glutamate dehydrogenase.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(11);3399-407
[PubMed:15150225] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Emmanuel Guedon, Charles M Moore, Qiang Que, Tao Wang, Rick W Ye, John D Helmann
The global transcriptional response of Bacillus subtilis to manganese involves the MntR, Fur, TnrA and sigmaB regulons.
Mol Microbiol: 2003, 49(6);1477-91
[PubMed:12950915] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Jaclyn L Brandenburg, Lewis V Wray, Lars Beier, Hanne Jarmer, Hans H Saxild, Susan H Fisher
Roles of PucR, GlnR, and TnrA in regulating expression of the Bacillus subtilis ure P3 promoter.
J Bacteriol: 2002, 184(21);6060-4
[PubMed:12374841] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

B R Belitsky, L V Wray, S H Fisher, D E Bohannon, A L Sonenshein
Role of TnrA in nitrogen source-dependent repression of Bacillus subtilis glutamate synthase gene expression.
J Bacteriol: 2000, 182(21);5939-47
[PubMed:11029411] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

D Robichon, M Arnaud, R Gardan, Z Pragai, M O'Reilly, G Rapoport, M Débarbouillé
Expression of a new operon from Bacillus subtilis, ykzB-ykoL, under the control of the TnrA and PhoP-phoR global regulators.
J Bacteriol: 2000, 182(5);1226-31
[PubMed:10671441] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L V Wray, A E Ferson, S H Fisher
Expression of the Bacillus subtilis ureABC operon is controlled by multiple regulatory factors including CodY, GlnR, TnrA, and Spo0H.
J Bacteriol: 1997, 179(17);5494-501
[PubMed:9287005] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L V Wray, A E Ferson, K Rohrer, S H Fisher
TnrA, a transcription factor required for global nitrogen regulation in Bacillus subtilis.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 1996, 93(17);8841-5
[PubMed:8799114] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S W Brown, A L Sonenshein
Autogenous regulation of the Bacillus subtilis glnRA operon.
J Bacteriol: 1996, 178(8);2450-4
[PubMed:8636055] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

H J Schreier, S W Brown, K D Hirschi, J F Nomellini, A L Sonenshein
Regulation of Bacillus subtilis glutamine synthetase gene expression by the product of the glnR gene.
J Mol Biol: 1989, 210(1);51-63
[PubMed:2573733] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S H Fisher, A L Sonenshein
Bacillus subtilis glutamine synthetase mutants pleiotropically altered in glucose catabolite repression.
J Bacteriol: 1984, 157(2);612-21
[PubMed:6141156] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)