SigW

• Description: RNA polymerase ECF-type sigma factor SigW, activated by alkaline shock and by polymyxin B, vancomycin, cephalosporin C, D-cycloserine, and triton X-100
  
  

Gene name	sigW
Synonyms	ybbL
Essential	no
Product	RNA polymerase ECF-type sigma factor SigW
Function	resistance against SdpC that functions in detoxification and/or production of antimicrobial compounds
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: sigW
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: SigW
MW, pI	21 kDa, 8.614
Gene length, protein length	561 bp, 187 aa
Immediate neighbours	trnSL-Gln2, ybbM
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

transcription, sigma factors and their control, cell envelope stress proteins (controlled by SigM, V, W, X, Y)

This gene is a member of the following regulons

AbrB regulon, SigW regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU01730

Phenotypes of a mutant

• sensitive to ß-lactam antibiotics such as cefuroxime and to fosfomycin PubMed
• Inactivation of alsR, sigD and sigW increases competitive fitness of Bacillus subtilis under non-sporulating conditions PubMed

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

Additional information

• A mutation was found in this gene after evolution under relaxed selection for sporulation PubMed

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family: ECF subfamily (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity: RsiW acts as antagonist of SigW (anti-SigW)

• Interactions:
  • RsiW-SigW, SigW-RpoB-RpoC

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure:

• UniProt: Q45585

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: sigW-rsiW PubMed

• Expression browser: sigW PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigW PubMed

• Regulation:
  • induced under conditions of alkali shock or in the presence of the toxin SdpC (SigW) PubMed
  • repressed during logrithmic growth (AbrB) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • AbrB: transcription repression PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:
  • 1A905 ( sigW::erm), PubMed, available at BGSC

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

John Helmann, Cornell University, USA Homepage

Thomas Wiegert, University of Bayreuth, Germany Homepage

References

Reviews

Additional reviews: PubMed

The SigW regulon

Additional original publications: PubMed

Thorsten Mascher, Anna-Barbara Hachmann, John D Helmann
Regulatory overlap and functional redundancy among Bacillus subtilis extracytoplasmic function sigma factors.
J Bacteriol: 2007, 189(19);6919-27
[PubMed:17675383] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Bronwyn G Butcher, John D Helmann
Identification of Bacillus subtilis sigma-dependent genes that provide intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial compounds produced by Bacilli.
Mol Microbiol: 2006, 60(3);765-82
[PubMed:16629676] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Min Cao, Phil A Kobel, Maud M Morshedi, Ming Fang Winston Wu, Chris Paddon, John D Helmann
Defining the Bacillus subtilis sigma(W) regulon: a comparative analysis of promoter consensus search, run-off transcription/macroarray analysis (ROMA), and transcriptional profiling approaches.
J Mol Biol: 2002, 316(3);443-57
[PubMed:11866510] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M S Turner, J D Helmann
Mutations in multidrug efflux homologs, sugar isomerases, and antimicrobial biosynthesis genes differentially elevate activity of the sigma(X) and sigma(W) factors in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2000, 182(18);5202-10
[PubMed:10960106] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

X Huang, A Gaballa, M Cao, J D Helmann
Identification of target promoters for the Bacillus subtilis extracytoplasmic function sigma factor, sigma W.
Mol Microbiol: 1999, 31(1);361-71
[PubMed:9987136] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

X Huang, K L Fredrick, J D Helmann
Promoter recognition by Bacillus subtilis sigmaW: autoregulation and partial overlap with the sigmaX regulon.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(15);3765-70
[PubMed:9683469] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Other original publications

Additional original publications: PubMed

Wayne L Nicholson
Increased competitive fitness of Bacillus subtilis under nonsporulating conditions via inactivation of pleiotropic regulators AlsR, SigD, and SigW.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2012, 78(9);3500-3
[PubMed:22344650] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Christopher T Brown, Laura K Fishwick, Binna M Chokshi, Marissa A Cuff, Jay M Jackson, Travis Oglesby, Alison T Rioux, Enrique Rodriguez, Gregory S Stupp, Austin H Trupp, James S Woollcombe-Clarke, Tracy N Wright, William J Zaragoza, Jennifer C Drew, Eric W Triplett, Wayne L Nicholson
Whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic analysis of Bacillus subtilis mutants following evolution under conditions of relaxed selection for sporulation.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2011, 77(19);6867-77
[PubMed:21821766] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jessica C Zweers, Thomas Wiegert, Jan Maarten van Dijl
Stress-responsive systems set specific limits to the overproduction of membrane proteins in Bacillus subtilis.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2009, 75(23);7356-64
[PubMed:19820159] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

John D Helmann
Deciphering a complex genetic regulatory network: the Bacillus subtilis sigmaW protein and intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial compounds.
Sci Prog: 2006, 89(Pt 3-4);243-66
[PubMed:17338440] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Craig D Ellermeier, Richard Losick
Evidence for a novel protease governing regulated intramembrane proteolysis and resistance to antimicrobial peptides in Bacillus subtilis.
Genes Dev: 2006, 20(14);1911-22
[PubMed:16816000] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Mika Yoshimura, Kei Asai, Yoshito Sadaie, Hirofumi Yoshikawa
Interaction of Bacillus subtilis extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors with the N-terminal regions of their potential anti-sigma factors.
Microbiology (Reading): 2004, 150(Pt 3);591-599
[PubMed:14993308] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Leif Steil, Tamara Hoffmann, Ina Budde, Uwe Völker, Erhard Bremer
Genome-wide transcriptional profiling analysis of adaptation of Bacillus subtilis to high salinity.
J Bacteriol: 2003, 185(21);6358-70
[PubMed:14563871] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Min Cao, Tao Wang, Rick Ye, John D Helmann
Antibiotics that inhibit cell wall biosynthesis induce expression of the Bacillus subtilis sigma(W) and sigma(M) regulons.
Mol Microbiol: 2002, 45(5);1267-76
[PubMed:12207695] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Qiang Qian, Chien Y Lee, John D Helmann, Mark A Strauch
AbrB is a regulator of the sigma(W) regulon in Bacillus subtilis.
FEMS Microbiol Lett: 2002, 211(2);219-23
[PubMed:12076816] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

T Wiegert, G Homuth, S Versteeg, W Schumann
Alkaline shock induces the Bacillus subtilis sigma(W) regulon.
Mol Microbiol: 2001, 41(1);59-71
[PubMed:11454200] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J Qiu, J D Helmann
The -10 region is a key promoter specificity determinant for the Bacillus subtilis extracytoplasmic-function sigma factors sigma(X) and sigma(W).
J Bacteriol: 2001, 183(6);1921-7
[PubMed:11222589] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)