AckA

• Description: acetate kinase
  
  

Gene name	ackA
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	acetate kinase
Function	overflow metabolism
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: ackA
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: ackA
MW, pI	42 kDa, 5.191
Gene length, protein length	1185 bp, 395 aa
Immediate neighbours	moaB, ytxK
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

ATP synthesis, carbon core metabolism, most abundant proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

CcpA regulon, CodY regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU29470

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU29470

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: ATP + acetate = ADP + acetyl phosphate (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Protein family: acetokinase family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactors:

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:

• Localization: cytoplasm (according to Swiss-Prot)

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU29470

• Structure: 2IIR (from Thermotoga maritima, 54% identity, 73% similarity)

• UniProt: P37877

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number: 2.7.2.1

Expression and regulation

• Operon: ackA PubMed

• Expression browser: ackA PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed

• Regulation:
  • expression activated by glucose (2.5 fold) (CcpA) PubMed
  • activated during growth in the presence of branched chain amino acids (CodY) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • CodY: transcription activation PubMed
  • CcpA: transcription activation PubMed

• Additional information:
  • belongs to the 100 most abundant proteins PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, exponential phase): 3042 PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, early stationary phase after glucose exhaustion): 1758 PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, late stationary phase after glucose exhaustion): 2419 PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:
  • ** GP1902 (ackA::aphA3) (available in Jörg Stülke's lab)

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system: B. pertussis adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system (BACTH), available in Jörg Stülke's lab

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

Linc Sonenshein, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA Homepage

References

Reviews

Cheryl Ingram-Smith, Stephen R Martin, Kerry S Smith
Acetate kinase: not just a bacterial enzyme.
Trends Microbiol: 2006, 14(6);249-53
[PubMed:16678422] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Alan J Wolfe
The acetate switch.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev: 2005, 69(1);12-50
[PubMed:15755952] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Original publications

Maria A Schumacher, Mareen Sprehe, Maike Bartholomae, Wolfgang Hillen, Richard G Brennan
Structures of carbon catabolite protein A-(HPr-Ser46-P) bound to diverse catabolite response element sites reveal the basis for high-affinity binding to degenerate DNA operators.
Nucleic Acids Res: 2011, 39(7);2931-42
[PubMed:21106498] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Robert P Shivers, Sean S Dineen, Abraham L Sonenshein
Positive regulation of Bacillus subtilis ackA by CodY and CcpA: establishing a potential hierarchy in carbon flow.
Mol Microbiol: 2006, 62(3);811-22
[PubMed:16995897] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Christine Eymann, Annette Dreisbach, Dirk Albrecht, Jörg Bernhardt, Dörte Becher, Sandy Gentner, Le Thi Tam, Knut Büttner, Gerrit Buurman, Christian Scharf, Simone Venz, Uwe Völker, Michael Hecker
A comprehensive proteome map of growing Bacillus subtilis cells.
Proteomics: 2004, 4(10);2849-76
[PubMed:15378759] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Hans-Matti Blencke, Georg Homuth, Holger Ludwig, Ulrike Mäder, Michael Hecker, Jörg Stülke
Transcriptional profiling of gene expression in response to glucose in Bacillus subtilis: regulation of the central metabolic pathways.
Metab Eng: 2003, 5(2);133-49
[PubMed:12850135] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

T R Moir-Blais, F J Grundy, T M Henkin
Transcriptional activation of the Bacillus subtilis ackA promoter requires sequences upstream of the CcpA binding site.
J Bacteriol: 2001, 183(7);2389-93
[PubMed:11244084] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

A J Turinsky, F J Grundy, J H Kim, G H Chambliss, T M Henkin
Transcriptional activation of the Bacillus subtilis ackA gene requires sequences upstream of the promoter.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(22);5961-7
[PubMed:9811655] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

F J Grundy, D A Waters, S H Allen, T M Henkin
Regulation of the Bacillus subtilis acetate kinase gene by CcpA.
J Bacteriol: 1993, 175(22);7348-55
[PubMed:8226682] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)