ProA

• Description: glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, required for normal and osmoadaptive proline biosynthesis
  
  

Gene name	proA
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
Function	biosynthesis of proline
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: proA
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: proA
MW, pI	45 kDa, 5.098
Gene length, protein length	1245 bp, 415 aa
Immediate neighbours	proB, ohrA
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

biosynthesis/ acquisition of amino acids, coping with hyper-osmotic stress

This gene is a member of the following regulons

T-box

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU13130

Phenotypes of a mutant

• auxotrophic for proline PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU13130

• DBTBS entry: no entry

• SubtiList entry: [1]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + phosphate + NADP⁺ = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + NADPH (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Protein family: gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:

• Localization: cytoplasm (according to Swiss-Prot)

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU13130

• Structure: 1O20 (from Thermotoga maritima, 46% identity, 67% similarity) PubMed

• UniProt: P39821

• KEGG entry: [2]

• E.C. number: 1.2.1.41

Expression and regulation

• Operon: proB-proA PubMed

• Expression browser: proA PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed

• Regulation:
  • induced by proline limitation (T-box) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • T-box: RNA switch, transcriptional antitermination PubMed

• Additional information:
  • ProA is absent from the membrane proteome of a bdbC-bdbD mutant PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium): 651 PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (complex medium with amino acids, without glucose): 508 PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Adrienne Zaprasis, Monika Bleisteiner, Anne Kerres, Tamara Hoffmann, Erhard Bremer
Uptake of amino acids and their metabolic conversion into the compatible solute proline confers osmoprotection to Bacillus subtilis.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2015, 81(1);250-9
[PubMed:25344233] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Adrienne Zaprasis, Tamara Hoffmann, Guido Wünsche, Lope A Flórez, Jörg Stülke, Erhard Bremer
Mutational activation of the RocR activator and of a cryptic rocDEF promoter bypass loss of the initial steps of proline biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis.
Environ Microbiol: 2014, 16(3);701-17
[PubMed:23869754] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Vivianne J Goosens, Ruben A T Mars, Michiel Akeroyd, Andre Vente, Annette Dreisbach, Emma L Denham, Thijs R H M Kouwen, Tjeerd van Rij, Maurien Olsthoorn, Jan Maarten van Dijl
Is proteomics a reliable tool to probe the oxidative folding of bacterial membrane proteins?
Antioxid Redox Signal: 2013, 18(10);1159-64
[PubMed:22540663] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jeanette Brill, Tamara Hoffmann, Monika Bleisteiner, Erhard Bremer
Osmotically controlled synthesis of the compatible solute proline is critical for cellular defense of Bacillus subtilis against high osmolarity.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(19);5335-46
[PubMed:21784929] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jeanette Brill, Tamara Hoffmann, Harald Putzer, Erhard Bremer
T-box-mediated control of the anabolic proline biosynthetic genes of Bacillus subtilis.
Microbiology (Reading): 2011, 157(Pt 4);977-987
[PubMed:21233158] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ana Gutiérrez-Preciado, Tina M Henkin, Frank J Grundy, Charles Yanofsky, Enrique Merino
Biochemical features and functional implications of the RNA-based T-box regulatory mechanism.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev: 2009, 73(1);36-61
[PubMed:19258532] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Mingqing Chen, Hongbo Wei, JunWei Cao, Ruijie Liu, Youliang Wang, Congyi Zheng
Expression of Bacillus subtilis proBA genes and reduction of feedback inhibition of proline synthesis increases proline production and confers osmotolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis.
J Biochem Mol Biol: 2007, 40(3);396-403
[PubMed:17562291] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)