Icd

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  • Description: isocitrate dehydrogenase

Gene name icd
Synonyms citC
Essential no
Product isocitrate dehydrogenase
Function TCA cycle
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: icd
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: Icd
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways:
icd
MW, pI 46 kDa, 4.833
Gene length, protein length 1269 bp, 423 aa
Immediate neighbours mdh, citZ
Sequences Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context
Icd context.gif
This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed
Icd expression.png















Categories containing this gene/protein

carbon core metabolism, membrane proteins, phosphoproteins, most abundant proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

CcpA regulon, CcpC regulon

The gene

Basic information

  • Locus tag: BSU29130

Phenotypes of a mutant

    • reduced ability to sporulate PubMed
    • growth and sporulation defects of the mutant could be partially bypassed by deletion of the major citrate synthase gene (citZ) PubMed

Database entries

  • DBTBS entry: [1]
  • SubtiList entry: [2]

Additional information

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

  • Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: Isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH (according to Swiss-Prot)
  • Protein family: isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family (according to Swiss-Prot)
  • Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

  • Kinetic information:
    • Reversible Michaelis-Menten PubMed
    • specific activity: 1.64 µmol min-1 (mg protein)-1 PubMed
  • Modification:
  • Effectors of protein activity:
    • Inhibited by glyoxylate, oxaloacetate and oxalomalate PubMed
      • Better inhibition when glyoxylate and oxaloacetate is combined, probably due to the non-enzymatic conversion into oxalomalate, which is a strong inhibitor PubMed

Database entries

  • KEGG entry: [3]

Additional information

  • This enzyme requires NADP+ exclusively. No activity was seen on the presence on NAD+ PubMed
  • extensive information on the structure and enzymatic properties of Icd can be found at Proteopedia

Expression and regulation

  • Regulatory mechanism:
    • CcpA: transcription repression, CcpC: transcription repression PubMed
    • CcpC: transcription repression (molecular inducer: citrate) PubMed

Biological materials

  • Expression vector:
  • lacZ fusion:
  • GFP fusion:
  • two-hybrid system: B. pertussis adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system (BACTH), available in Jörg Stülke's lab

Labs working on this gene/protein

Linc Sonenshein, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA Homepage

Your additional remarks

References

Michael Kohlstedt, Praveen K Sappa, Hanna Meyer, Sandra Maaß, Adrienne Zaprasis, Tamara Hoffmann, Judith Becker, Leif Steil, Michael Hecker, Jan Maarten van Dijl, Michael Lalk, Ulrike Mäder, Jörg Stülke, Erhard Bremer, Uwe Völker, Christoph Wittmann
Adaptation of Bacillus subtilis carbon core metabolism to simultaneous nutrient limitation and osmotic challenge: a multi-omics perspective.
Environ Microbiol: 2014, 16(6);1898-917
[PubMed:24571712] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Maike Bartholomae, Frederik M Meyer, Fabian M Commichau, Andreas Burkovski, Wolfgang Hillen, Gerald Seidel
Complex formation between malate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis is regulated by tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites.
FEBS J: 2014, 281(4);1132-43
[PubMed:24325460] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Alexander K W Elsholz, Kürsad Turgay, Stephan Michalik, Bernd Hessling, Katrin Gronau, Dan Oertel, Ulrike Mäder, Jörg Bernhardt, Dörte Becher, Michael Hecker, Ulf Gerth
Global impact of protein arginine phosphorylation on the physiology of Bacillus subtilis.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2012, 109(19);7451-6
[PubMed:22517742] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Frederik M Meyer, Jan Gerwig, Elke Hammer, Christina Herzberg, Fabian M Commichau, Uwe Völker, Jörg Stülke
Physical interactions between tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes in Bacillus subtilis: evidence for a metabolon.
Metab Eng: 2011, 13(1);18-27
[PubMed:20933603] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Nico Pietack, Dörte Becher, Sebastian R Schmidl, Milton H Saier, Michael Hecker, Fabian M Commichau, Jörg Stülke
In vitro phosphorylation of key metabolic enzymes from Bacillus subtilis: PrkC phosphorylates enzymes from different branches of basic metabolism.
J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol: 2010, 18(3);129-40
[PubMed:20389117] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Hannes Hahne, Susanne Wolff, Michael Hecker, Dörte Becher
From complementarity to comprehensiveness--targeting the membrane proteome of growing Bacillus subtilis by divergent approaches.
Proteomics: 2008, 8(19);4123-36
[PubMed:18763711] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Christine Eymann, Dörte Becher, Jörg Bernhardt, Katrin Gronau, Anja Klutzny, Michael Hecker
Dynamics of protein phosphorylation on Ser/Thr/Tyr in Bacillus subtilis.
Proteomics: 2007, 7(19);3509-26
[PubMed:17726680] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Alain Lévine, Françoise Vannier, Cédric Absalon, Lauriane Kuhn, Peter Jackson, Elaine Scrivener, Valérie Labas, Joëlle Vinh, Patrick Courtney, Jérôme Garin, Simone J Séror
Analysis of the dynamic Bacillus subtilis Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphoproteome implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes.
Proteomics: 2006, 6(7);2157-73
[PubMed:16493705] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Christine Eymann, Annette Dreisbach, Dirk Albrecht, Jörg Bernhardt, Dörte Becher, Sandy Gentner, Le Thi Tam, Knut Büttner, Gerrit Buurman, Christian Scharf, Simone Venz, Uwe Völker, Michael Hecker
A comprehensive proteome map of growing Bacillus subtilis cells.
Proteomics: 2004, 4(10);2849-76
[PubMed:15378759] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Hans-Matti Blencke, Georg Homuth, Holger Ludwig, Ulrike Mäder, Michael Hecker, Jörg Stülke
Transcriptional profiling of gene expression in response to glucose in Bacillus subtilis: regulation of the central metabolic pathways.
Metab Eng: 2003, 5(2);133-49
[PubMed:12850135] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Satinder K Singh, Stephen P Miller, Antony Dean, Leonard J Banaszak, David C LaPorte
Bacillus subtilis isocitrate dehydrogenase. A substrate analogue for Escherichia coli isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase.
J Biol Chem: 2002, 277(9);7567-73
[PubMed:11751849] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S K Singh, K Matsuno, D C LaPorte, L J Banaszak
Crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis isocitrate dehydrogenase at 1.55 A. Insights into the nature of substrate specificity exhibited by Escherichia coli isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase.
J Biol Chem: 2001, 276(28);26154-63
[PubMed:11290745] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

C Jourlin-Castelli, N Mani, M M Nakano, A L Sonenshein
CcpC, a novel regulator of the LysR family required for glucose repression of the citB gene in Bacillus subtilis.
J Mol Biol: 2000, 295(4);865-78
[PubMed:10656796] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

K Matsuno, T Blais, A W Serio, T Conway, T M Henkin, A L Sonenshein
Metabolic imbalance and sporulation in an isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1999, 181(11);3382-91
[PubMed:10348849] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Jin, P A Levin, K Matsuno, A D Grossman, A L Sonenshein
Deletion of the Bacillus subtilis isocitrate dehydrogenase gene causes a block at stage I of sporulation.
J Bacteriol: 1997, 179(15);4725-32
[PubMed:9244258] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

R F Ramaley, M O Hudock
Purification and properties of isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP) from Thermus aquaticus YT-1, Bacillus subtilis-168 and Chlamydomonas reinhardti-Y-2.
Biochim Biophys Acta: 1973, 315(1);22-36
[PubMed:4147570] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

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