ParA

• Description: ATPase, centromere-like function involved in forespore chromosome partitioning / negative regulation of sporulation initiation
  
  

Gene name	parA
Synonyms	soj, spo0JA
Essential	no
Product	negative regulator of sporulation initiation
Function	forespore chromosome partitioning / negative regulation of sporulation initiation
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: parA
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: ParA
MW, pI	27 kDa, 4.903
Gene length, protein length	759 bp, 253 aa
Immediate neighbours	parB, yyaB
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

DNA condensation/ segregation, sporulation/ other, membrane proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

Spo0A regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU40970

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU40970

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: regulates DNA replication initiation by either inhibiting or activating the DNA replication initiator protein DnaA PubMed; regulation of Spo0A expression PubMed

• Protein family: parA family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:
  • ParB inhibits ParA dimerization and concomitant DNA-binding activity by stimulating ParA ATPase activity PubMed

• Interactions:
  • ParA-ParB PubMed
  • ParA-DnaA PubMed

• Localization:
  • polar/ septal at the cell membrane PubMed
  • polar localization depends on the proton motive force PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU40970

• Structure:

• UniProt: P37522

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: parA-parB PubMed

• Expression browser: parA PubMed

• Sigma factor:

• Regulation:
  • repressed under conditions that trigger sporulation (Spo0A) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • Spo0A: transcription repression PubMed

• Additional information:
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium): 84 PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (complex medium with amino acids, without glucose): 280 PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

• Heath Murray, Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Newcastle, UK homepage

References

Original publications

Graham Scholefield, Jeff Errington, Heath Murray
Soj/ParA stalls DNA replication by inhibiting helix formation of the initiator protein DnaA.
EMBO J: 2012, 31(6);1542-55
[PubMed:22286949] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Hajime Okumura, Mika Yoshimura, Mikako Ueki, Taku Oshima, Naotake Ogasawara, Shu Ishikawa
Regulation of chromosomal replication initiation by oriC-proximal DnaA-box clusters in Bacillus subtilis.
Nucleic Acids Res: 2012, 40(1);220-34
[PubMed:21911367] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Graham Scholefield, Rachel Whiting, Jeff Errington, Heath Murray
Spo0J regulates the oligomeric state of Soj to trigger its switch from an activator to an inhibitor of DNA replication initiation.
Mol Microbiol: 2011, 79(4);1089-100
[PubMed:21235642] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Henrik Strahl, Leendert W Hamoen
Membrane potential is important for bacterial cell division.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2010, 107(27);12281-6
[PubMed:20566861] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Stephan Gruber, Jeff Errington
Recruitment of condensin to replication origin regions by ParB/SpoOJ promotes chromosome segregation in B. subtilis.
Cell: 2009, 137(4);685-96
[PubMed:19450516] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Heath Murray, Jeff Errington
Dynamic control of the DNA replication initiation protein DnaA by Soj/ParA.
Cell: 2008, 135(1);74-84
[PubMed:18854156] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Gonçalo Real, Sabine Autret, Elizabeth J Harry, Jeffery Errington, Adriano O Henriques
Cell division protein DivIB influences the Spo0J/Soj system of chromosome segregation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 55(2);349-67
[PubMed:15659156] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Virginie Molle, Masaya Fujita, Shane T Jensen, Patrick Eichenberger, José E González-Pastor, Jun S Liu, Richard Losick
The Spo0A regulon of Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2003, 50(5);1683-701
[PubMed:14651647] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Yoshitoshi Ogura, Naotake Ogasawara, Elizabeth J Harry, Shigeki Moriya
Increasing the ratio of Soj to Spo0J promotes replication initiation in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2003, 185(21);6316-24
[PubMed:14563866] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Ling Juan Wu, Jeff Errington
RacA and the Soj-Spo0J system combine to effect polar chromosome segregation in sporulating Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2003, 49(6);1463-75
[PubMed:12950914] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Sabine Autret, Jeffery Errington
A role for division-site-selection protein MinD in regulation of internucleoid jumping of Soj (ParA) protein in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2003, 47(1);159-69
[PubMed:12492861] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Autret, R Nair, J Errington
Genetic analysis of the chromosome segregation protein Spo0J of Bacillus subtilis: evidence for separate domains involved in DNA binding and interactions with Soj protein.
Mol Microbiol: 2001, 41(3);743-55
[PubMed:11532141] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J D Quisel, A D Grossman
Control of sporulation gene expression in Bacillus subtilis by the chromosome partitioning proteins Soj (ParA) and Spo0J (ParB).
J Bacteriol: 2000, 182(12);3446-51
[PubMed:10852876] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

A L Marston, J Errington
Dynamic movement of the ParA-like Soj protein of B. subtilis and its dual role in nucleoid organization and developmental regulation.
Mol Cell: 1999, 4(5);673-82
[PubMed:10619015] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M A Cervin, G B Spiegelman, B Raether, K Ohlsen, M Perego, J A Hoch
A negative regulator linking chromosome segregation to developmental transcription in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 1998, 29(1);85-95
[PubMed:9701805] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M E Sharpe, J Errington
The Bacillus subtilis soj-spo0J locus is required for a centromere-like function involved in prespore chromosome partitioning.
Mol Microbiol: 1996, 21(3);501-9
[PubMed:8866474] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)