SasA

• Description: (p)ppGpp synthetase, small alarmone synthetase
  
  

Gene name	ywaC
Synonyms	ipa-7d
Essential	no
Product	(p)ppGpp synthetase
Function	ppGpp synthesis independent from stringent response
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: sasA
MW, pI	24 kDa, 6.217
Gene length, protein length	630 bp, 210 aa
Immediate neighbours	ywaD, menA
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

metabolism of signalling nucleotides, cell envelope stress proteins (controlled by SigM, V, W, X, Y)

This gene is a member of the following regulons

SigM regulon SigW regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU38480

Phenotypes of a mutant

• a relA sasA sasB triple mutant requires branched chain amino acids, methionine and threonine for growth, the requirement can be suppressed by reduced expression of guaB or inactivation of codY PubMed

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s): SasB

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains: single ppGpp synthetase domain PubMed

• Modification:

• Cofactors:

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure:

• UniProt: P39583

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: sasA PubMed

• Expression browser: sasA PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigM PubMed SigW PubMed

• Regulation:
  • transcription is highly upregulated in response to lesions in late-acting teichoic acid synthesis genes tagB, tagD and tagF, and also in response to cell-wall-active compounds like bacitracin or vancomycin PubMed
  • expression is reduced in a SigV mutant PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Mariangela Tabone, Virginia S Lioy, Silvia Ayora, Cristina Machón, Juan C Alonso
Role of toxin ζ and starvation responses in the sensitivity to antimicrobials.
PLoS One: 2014, 9(1);e86615
[PubMed:24489751] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Allison Kriel, Shaun R Brinsmade, Jessica L Tse, Ashley K Tehranchi, Alycia N Bittner, Abraham L Sonenshein, Jue D Wang
GTP dysregulation in Bacillus subtilis cells lacking (p)ppGpp results in phenotypic amino acid auxotrophy and failure to adapt to nutrient downshift and regulate biosynthesis genes.
J Bacteriol: 2014, 196(1);189-201
[PubMed:24163341] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kazumi Tagami, Hideaki Nanamiya, Yuka Kazo, Marie Maehashi, Shota Suzuki, Eri Namba, Masahiro Hoshiya, Ryo Hanai, Yuzuru Tozawa, Takuya Morimoto, Naotake Ogasawara, Yasushi Kageyama, Katsutoshi Ara, Katsuya Ozaki, Masaki Yoshida, Haruko Kuroiwa, Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Yoshiaki Ohashi, Fujio Kawamura
Expression of a small (p)ppGpp synthetase, YwaC, in the (p)ppGpp(0) mutant of Bacillus subtilis triggers YvyD-dependent dimerization of ribosome.
Microbiologyopen: 2012, 1(2);115-34
[PubMed:22950019] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Veronica Guariglia-Oropeza, John D Helmann
Bacillus subtilis σ(V) confers lysozyme resistance by activation of two cell wall modification pathways, peptidoglycan O-acetylation and D-alanylation of teichoic acids.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(22);6223-32
[PubMed:21926231] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Michael A D'Elia, Kathryn E Millar, Amit P Bhavsar, Ana M Tomljenovic, Bernd Hutter, Christoph Schaab, Gabriel Moreno-Hagelsieb, Eric D Brown
Probing teichoic acid genetics with bioactive molecules reveals new interactions among diverse processes in bacterial cell wall biogenesis.
Chem Biol: 2009, 16(5);548-56
[PubMed:19477419] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Yousuke Natori, Kazumi Tagami, Kana Murakami, Sawako Yoshida, Osamu Tanigawa, Yoonsuh Moh, Kenta Masuda, Tetsuya Wada, Shota Suzuki, Hideaki Nanamiya, Yuzuru Tozawa, Fujio Kawamura
Transcription activity of individual rrn operons in Bacillus subtilis mutants deficient in (p)ppGpp synthetase genes, relA, yjbM, and ywaC.
J Bacteriol: 2009, 191(14);4555-61
[PubMed:19447912] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Anjana Srivatsan, Yi Han, Jianlan Peng, Ashley K Tehranchi, Richard Gibbs, Jue D Wang, Rui Chen
High-precision, whole-genome sequencing of laboratory strains facilitates genetic studies.
PLoS Genet: 2008, 4(8);e1000139
[PubMed:18670626] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Warawan Eiamphungporn, John D Helmann
The Bacillus subtilis sigma(M) regulon and its contribution to cell envelope stress responses.
Mol Microbiol: 2008, 67(4);830-48
[PubMed:18179421] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Hideaki Nanamiya, Koji Kasai, Akira Nozawa, Choong-Soo Yun, Takakuni Narisawa, Kana Murakami, Yousuke Natori, Fujio Kawamura, Yuzuru Tozawa
Identification and functional analysis of novel (p)ppGpp synthetase genes in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2008, 67(2);291-304
[PubMed:18067544] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Min Cao, Tao Wang, Rick Ye, John D Helmann
Antibiotics that inhibit cell wall biosynthesis induce expression of the Bacillus subtilis sigma(W) and sigma(M) regulons.
Mol Microbiol: 2002, 45(5);1267-76
[PubMed:12207695] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Min Cao, Phil A Kobel, Maud M Morshedi, Ming Fang Winston Wu, Chris Paddon, John D Helmann
Defining the Bacillus subtilis sigma(W) regulon: a comparative analysis of promoter consensus search, run-off transcription/macroarray analysis (ROMA), and transcriptional profiling approaches.
J Mol Biol: 2002, 316(3);443-57
[PubMed:11866510] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)