DnaD

• Description: initiation of chromosome replication, part of the replisome
  
  

Gene name	dnaD
Synonyms
Essential	yes PubMed
Product	initiation of chromosome replication
Function	DNA replication
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: dnaD
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: DnaD
MW, pI	27 kDa, 7.174
Gene length, protein length	696 bp, 232 aa
Immediate neighbours	nth, asnS
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

DNA replication, essential genes

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU22350

Phenotypes of a mutant

essential PubMed

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: no entry

• SubtiList entry: [1]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • DnaD-mediated untwisting of the DNA stimulates Nth endonuclease activity at AP sites PubMed
  • required for the assembly of the replicative helicase DnaC at the origin of replication PubMed
  • interaction with DnaA inhibits the ability of DnaA to bind cooperatively to DNA PubMed

• Protein family: DNA polymerase type-Y family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:
  • DnaD-PriA PubMed
  • DnaD-DnaA PubMed
  • DnaD-DnaB PubMed
  • part of the replisome: PolC-HolA-HolB-DnaX-DnaN-DnaG-DnaC-DnaI-DnaD-SsbA-DnaE-PriA-DnaB PubMed
  • part of the primosome: DnaA-DnaG-DnaC-DnaI-DnaD-DnaB PubMed

• Localization: Membrane-proximal (Spotty) PubMed

Database entries

• Structure: 2C79 (N-terminal domain)

• UniProt: P39787

• KEGG entry: [2]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

Operon: dnaD-nth PubMed 

• Expression browser: dnaD PubMed

• Sigma factor:

• Regulation:
  • constitutively expressed PubMed
  • there are about 3,000 to 5,000 molecules of DnaD per cell PubMed
  • expression is transiently increased after treatment with H2O2 PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

• Alan Grossman, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA

References

Reviews

Geoffrey S Briggs, Wiep Klaas Smits, Panos Soultanas
Chromosomal replication initiation machinery of low-G+C-content Firmicutes.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(19);5162-70
[PubMed:22797751] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Original publications

Carla Y Bonilla, Alan D Grossman
The primosomal protein DnaD inhibits cooperative DNA binding by the replication initiator DnaA in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(18);5110-7
[PubMed:22821970] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Christopher Collier, Cristina Machón, Geoff S Briggs, Wiep Klaas Smits, Panos Soultanas
Untwisting of the DNA helix stimulates the endonuclease activity of Bacillus subtilis Nth at AP sites.
Nucleic Acids Res: 2012, 40(2);739-50
[PubMed:21954439] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Wiep Klaas Smits, Houra Merrikh, Carla Yaneth Bonilla, Alan D Grossman
Primosomal proteins DnaD and DnaB are recruited to chromosomal regions bound by DnaA in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(3);640-8
[PubMed:21097613] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Farhat Y Marston, William H Grainger, Wiep Klaas Smits, Nicholas H Hopcroft, Matthew Green, Andrea M Hounslow, Alan D Grossman, C Jeremy Craven, Panos Soultanas
When simple sequence comparison fails: the cryptic case of the shared domains of the bacterial replication initiation proteins DnaB and DnaD.
Nucleic Acids Res: 2010, 38(20);6930-42
[PubMed:20587500] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Glenn M Sanders, H Garry Dallmann, Charles S McHenry
Reconstitution of the B. subtilis replisome with 13 proteins including two distinct replicases.
Mol Cell: 2010, 37(2);273-81
[PubMed:20122408] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Wiep Klaas Smits, Alexi I Goranov, Alan D Grossman
Ordered association of helicase loader proteins with the Bacillus subtilis origin of replication in vivo.
Mol Microbiol: 2010, 75(2);452-61
[PubMed:19968790] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Megan E Rokop, Alan D Grossman
Intragenic and extragenic suppressors of temperature sensitive mutations in the replication initiation genes dnaD and dnaB of Bacillus subtilis.
PLoS One: 2009, 4(8);e6774
[PubMed:19707554] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Jean-Christophe Meile, Ling Juan Wu, S Dusko Ehrlich, Jeff Errington, Philippe Noirot
Systematic localisation of proteins fused to the green fluorescent protein in Bacillus subtilis: identification of new proteins at the DNA replication factory.
Proteomics: 2006, 6(7);2135-46
[PubMed:16479537] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Claude Bruand, Marion Velten, Stephen McGovern, Stéphanie Marsin, Céline Sérèna, S Dusko Ehrlich, Patrice Polard
Functional interplay between the Bacillus subtilis DnaD and DnaB proteins essential for initiation and re-initiation of DNA replication.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 55(4);1138-50
[PubMed:15686560] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Megan E Rokop, Jennifer M Auchtung, Alan D Grossman
Control of DNA replication initiation by recruitment of an essential initiation protein to the membrane of Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2004, 52(6);1757-67
[PubMed:15186423] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

C Bruand, M Farache, S McGovern, S D Ehrlich, P Polard
DnaB, DnaD and DnaI proteins are components of the Bacillus subtilis replication restart primosome.
Mol Microbiol: 2001, 42(1);245-55
[PubMed:11679082] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Marsin, S McGovern, S D Ehrlich, C Bruand, P Polard
Early steps of Bacillus subtilis primosome assembly.
J Biol Chem: 2001, 276(49);45818-25
[PubMed:11585815] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

D Ishigo-Oka, N Ogasawara, S Moriya
DnaD protein of Bacillus subtilis interacts with DnaA, the initiator protein of replication.
J Bacteriol: 2001, 183(6);2148-50
[PubMed:11222620] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)