Difference between revisions of "GltA"

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* '''Description:''' large subunit of glutamate synthase  <br/><br/>
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* '''Description:''' large subunit of glutamate synthase  &lt;br/>&lt;br/>
 
  
 
{| align="right" border="1" cellpadding="2"  
 
{| align="right" border="1" cellpadding="2"  
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|style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"|'''Function''' || glutamate biosynthesis
 
|style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"|'''Function''' || glutamate biosynthesis
 
|-
 
|-
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|colspan="2" style="background:#FAF8CC;" align="center"| '''Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in [[SubtiPathways|''Subti''Pathways]]: &lt;br/>[http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/pathways/glutamate.html Ammonium/ glutamate]'''
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|colspan="2" style="background:#FAF8CC;" align="center"| '''Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in [[SubtiPathways|''Subti''Pathways]]: <br/>[http://subtiwiki.uni-goettingen.de/pathways/glutamate.html Ammonium/ glutamate]'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''MW, pI''' || 168 kDa, 5.47  
 
|style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"| '''MW, pI''' || 168 kDa, 5.47  
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|style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"|'''Immediate neighbours''' || ''[[gltB]]'', ''[[gltC]]''
 
|style="background:#ABCDEF;" align="center"|'''Immediate neighbours''' || ''[[gltB]]'', ''[[gltC]]''
 
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|-
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|colspan="2" style="background:#FAF8CC;" align="center"|'''Get the DNA and protein [http://srs.ebi.ac.uk/srsbin/cgi-bin/wgetz?-e+&amp;#91;EMBLCDS:CAB13728&amp;#93;+-newId sequences] &lt;br/> (Barbe ''et al.'', 2009)'''
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|colspan="2" style="background:#FAF8CC;" align="center"|'''Get the DNA and protein [http://srs.ebi.ac.uk/srsbin/cgi-bin/wgetz?-e+&#91;EMBLCDS:CAB13728&#93;+-newId sequences] <br/> (Barbe ''et al.'', 2009)'''
 
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|-
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|colspan="2" | '''Genetic context''' &lt;br/> [[Image:gltA_context.gif]]
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|colspan="2" | '''Genetic context''' <br/> [[Image:gltA_context.gif]]
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  &lt;div align="right"> &lt;small>This image was kindly provided by [http://genolist.pasteur.fr/SubtiList/ SubtiList]&lt;/small>&lt;/div>
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  <div align="right"> <small>This image was kindly provided by [http://genolist.pasteur.fr/SubtiList/ SubtiList]</small></div>
 
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|-
 
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__TOC__
 
__TOC__
  
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&lt;br/>&lt;br/>&lt;br/>&lt;br/>&lt;br/>&lt;br/>
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<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
  
  
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=== Basic information/ Evolution ===
 
=== Basic information/ Evolution ===
  
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* '''Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:''' 2 L-glutamate + NADP&lt;sup>+&lt;/sup> = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH (according to Swiss-Prot) 2 L-glutamate + NADP(+) &lt;=> L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH
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* '''Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:''' 2 L-glutamate + NADP<sup>+</sup> = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH (according to Swiss-Prot) 2 L-glutamate + NADP(+) <=> L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH
  
 
* '''Protein family:''' glutamate synthase family (according to Swiss-Prot) glutamate synthase family
 
* '''Protein family:''' glutamate synthase family (according to Swiss-Prot) glutamate synthase family
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** [[GltA]]-[[Icd]]  {{PubMed|20933603}}
 
** [[GltA]]-[[Icd]]  {{PubMed|20933603}}
  
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* '''Localization:''' membrane associated [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=+18763711 PubMed], cytoplasm
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* '''Localization:''' membrane associated [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=+18763711 PubMed], cytoplasm
  
 
=== Database entries ===
 
=== Database entries ===
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=== Additional information===
 
=== Additional information===
  
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subject to Clp-dependent proteolysis upon glucose starvation [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=+17981983 PubMed]
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subject to Clp-dependent proteolysis upon glucose starvation [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=+17981983 PubMed]
  
 
=Expression and regulation=
 
=Expression and regulation=
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=References=
 
=References=
  
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&lt;pubmed>12823818,,11029411,12850135 7559360 15150225 2548995 17183217, 17608797,17134717,14523131,12823818, 18326565,17981983,18763711 20933603 17012385 &lt;/pubmed>
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<pubmed>12823818,,11029411,12850135 7559360 15150225 2548995 17183217, 17608797,17134717,14523131,12823818, 18326565,17981983,18763711 20933603 17012385 </pubmed>
  
 
[[Category:Protein-coding genes]]
 
[[Category:Protein-coding genes]]

Revision as of 04:50, 24 November 2010

  • Description: large subunit of glutamate synthase

Gene name gltA
Synonyms
Essential no
Product glutamate synthase (large subunit)
Function glutamate biosynthesis
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways:
Ammonium/ glutamate
MW, pI 168 kDa, 5.47
Gene length, protein length 4560 bp, 1520 amino acids
Immediate neighbours gltB, gltC
Get the DNA and protein sequences
(Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context
GltA context.gif
This image was kindly provided by SubtiList








The gene

Basic information

  • Locus tag: BSU18450

Phenotypes of a mutant

auxotrophic for glutamate

Database entries

  • DBTBS entry: [1]
  • SubtiList entry: [2]

Additional information

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

  • Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: 2 L-glutamate + NADP+ = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH (according to Swiss-Prot) 2 L-glutamate + NADP(+) <=> L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH
  • Protein family: glutamate synthase family (according to Swiss-Prot) glutamate synthase family
  • Paralogous protein(s): YerD

Extended information on the protein

  • Kinetic information:
  • Domains:
    • Glutamine amidotransferase type-2 domain (22-415)
    • Nucleotide binding domain (1060-1112)
  • Modification:
  • Cofactor(s): 3Fe-4S, FAD, FMN
  • Effectors of protein activity:
  • Localization: membrane associated PubMed, cytoplasm

Database entries

  • Structure:
  • KEGG entry: [3]

Additional information

subject to Clp-dependent proteolysis upon glucose starvation PubMed

Expression and regulation

  • Regulation:
    • expression activated by glucose (11 fold) (CcpA, GltC) PubMed
    • repressed by arginine (GltC, RocG) PubMed
    • expressed in the presence of ammonium PubMed
    • repressed in the absence of good nitrogen sources (glutamine or ammonium) (TnrA) PubMed
  • Additional information: subject to Clp-dependent proteolysis upon glucose starvation PubMed

Biological materials

  • Mutant: GP807 (del gltAB::tet), GP222 (gltA under the control of p-xyl), available in Stülke lab
  • Expression vector:
  • GFP fusion:
  • two-hybrid system: B. pertussis adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system (BACTH), available in Stülke lab
  • Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

Linc Sonenshein, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA Homepage

Jörg Stülke, University of Göttingen, Germany Homepage

Your additional remarks

References

Frederik M Meyer, Jan Gerwig, Elke Hammer, Christina Herzberg, Fabian M Commichau, Uwe Völker, Jörg Stülke
Physical interactions between tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes in Bacillus subtilis: evidence for a metabolon.
Metab Eng: 2011, 13(1);18-27
[PubMed:20933603] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Hannes Hahne, Susanne Wolff, Michael Hecker, Dörte Becher
From complementarity to comprehensiveness--targeting the membrane proteome of growing Bacillus subtilis by divergent approaches.
Proteomics: 2008, 8(19);4123-36
[PubMed:18763711] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Fabian M Commichau, Katrin Gunka, Jens J Landmann, Jörg Stülke
Glutamate metabolism in Bacillus subtilis: gene expression and enzyme activities evolved to avoid futile cycles and to allow rapid responses to perturbations of the system.
J Bacteriol: 2008, 190(10);3557-64
[PubMed:18326565] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ulf Gerth, Holger Kock, Ilja Kusters, Stephan Michalik, Robert L Switzer, Michael Hecker
Clp-dependent proteolysis down-regulates central metabolic pathways in glucose-starved Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2008, 190(1);321-31
[PubMed:17981983] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Fabian M Commichau, Christina Herzberg, Philipp Tripal, Oliver Valerius, Jörg Stülke
A regulatory protein-protein interaction governs glutamate biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis: the glutamate dehydrogenase RocG moonlights in controlling the transcription factor GltC.
Mol Microbiol: 2007, 65(3);642-54
[PubMed:17608797] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Fabian M Commichau, Ingrid Wacker, Jan Schleider, Hans-Matti Blencke, Irene Reif, Philipp Tripal, Jörg Stülke
Characterization of Bacillus subtilis mutants with carbon source-independent glutamate biosynthesis.
J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol: 2007, 12(1-2);106-13
[PubMed:17183217] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Silvia Picossi, Boris R Belitsky, Abraham L Sonenshein
Molecular mechanism of the regulation of Bacillus subtilis gltAB expression by GltC.
J Mol Biol: 2007, 365(5);1298-313
[PubMed:17134717] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Marcus Miethke, Helga Westers, Evert-Jan Blom, Oscar P Kuipers, Mohamed A Marahiel
Iron starvation triggers the stringent response and induces amino acid biosynthesis for bacillibactin production in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2006, 188(24);8655-7
[PubMed:17012385] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Boris R Belitsky, Abraham L Sonenshein
Modulation of activity of Bacillus subtilis regulatory proteins GltC and TnrA by glutamate dehydrogenase.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(11);3399-407
[PubMed:15150225] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Ingrid Wacker, Holger Ludwig, Irene Reif, Hans-Matti Blencke, Christian Detsch, Jörg Stülke
The regulatory link between carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Bacillus subtilis: regulation of the gltAB operon by the catabolite control protein CcpA.
Microbiology (Reading): 2003, 149(Pt 10);3001-3009
[PubMed:14523131] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Hans-Matti Blencke, Georg Homuth, Holger Ludwig, Ulrike Mäder, Michael Hecker, Jörg Stülke
Transcriptional profiling of gene expression in response to glucose in Bacillus subtilis: regulation of the central metabolic pathways.
Metab Eng: 2003, 5(2);133-49
[PubMed:12850135] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Ken-ichi Yoshida, Hirotake Yamaguchi, Masaki Kinehara, Yo-hei Ohki, Yoshiko Nakaura, Yasutaro Fujita
Identification of additional TnrA-regulated genes of Bacillus subtilis associated with a TnrA box.
Mol Microbiol: 2003, 49(1);157-65
[PubMed:12823818] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

B R Belitsky, L V Wray, S H Fisher, D E Bohannon, A L Sonenshein
Role of TnrA in nitrogen source-dependent repression of Bacillus subtilis glutamate synthase gene expression.
J Bacteriol: 2000, 182(21);5939-47
[PubMed:11029411] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

B R Belitsky, A L Sonenshein
Mutations in GltC that increase Bacillus subtilis gltA expression.
J Bacteriol: 1995, 177(19);5696-700
[PubMed:7559360] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

D E Bohannon, A L Sonenshein
Positive regulation of glutamate biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1989, 171(9);4718-27
[PubMed:2548995] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

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