Pyk

• Description: pyruvate kinase, glycolytic enzyme
  
  

Gene name	pyk
Synonyms	pykA
Essential	no
Product	pyruvate kinase
Function	catabolic enzyme in glycolysis
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: Central C-metabolism
MW, pI	61,9 kDa, 4.88
Gene length, protein length	1755 bp, 585 amino acids
Immediate neighbours	pfkA, ytzA
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU29180

Phenotypes of a mutant

Unable to grow with non-PTS carbohydrates (such as glucitol or glycerol) as single carbon source.

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate --> ATP + pyruvate
  • The reaction is irreversible under physiological conditions

• Protein family: PEP-utilizing enzyme family (according to Swiss-Prot) pyruvate kinase family, (C-terminal section: PEP-utilizing enzyme family)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information: Allosteric Regulation PubMed

• Domains:

• Modification: phosphorylation on Ser36 PubMed, PubMed, phosphorylation on Ser536 or Ser546 PubMed

• Cofactor(s): Mg2+, K+

• Effectors of protein activity:
  • Activated by PEP (Hill Coefficient 1,8) PubMed PubMed
  • Allosterically activated by AMP PubMed
  • Activation by r5p and ADP PubMed
  • Inhibition by ADP and f16bp in high concentrations; and ATP PubMed

• Interactions:

• Localization: cytoplasm PubMed

Database entries

• Structure: 2E28 (Geobacillus stearothermophilus)

• Swiss prot entry: [3]

• KEGG entry: [4]

• E.C. number: 2.7.1.40

Additional information

The enzyme is a tetramer with four active sites PubMed

Expression and regulation

• Operon: pfkA pyk PubMed

• Sigma factor:

• Regulation: twofold induced by glucose PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant: GP590 (cat), available in Stülke lab

• Expression vector:

Expression in E. coli, N-terminal His-tag: pGP1100 (in pWH844), available in Stülke lab

Expression in B. subtilis, native protein: pGP1411 (in pBQ200), available in Stülke lab

Expression in B. subtilis, N-terminal Strep-tag: pGP1409 (in pGP380), available in Stülke lab

Expression in B. subtilis, C-terminal Strep-tag: pGP1410 (in pGP382), available in Stülke lab

• lacZ fusion: see pfkA

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system: B. pertussis adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system (BACTH), available in Stülke lab

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

Jörg Stülke, University of Göttingen, Germany Homepage

References

Christine Eymann, Dörte Becher, Jörg Bernhardt, Katrin Gronau, Anja Klutzny, Michael Hecker
Dynamics of protein phosphorylation on Ser/Thr/Tyr in Bacillus subtilis.
Proteomics: 2007, 7(19);3509-26
[PubMed:17726680] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Laurent Jannière, Danielle Canceill, Catherine Suski, Sophie Kanga, Bérengère Dalmais, Roxane Lestini, Anne-Françoise Monnier, Jérôme Chapuis, Alexander Bolotin, Marina Titok, Emmanuelle Le Chatelier, S Dusko Ehrlich
Genetic evidence for a link between glycolysis and DNA replication.
PLoS One: 2007, 2(5);e447
[PubMed:17505547] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Boris Macek, Ivan Mijakovic, Jesper V Olsen, Florian Gnad, Chanchal Kumar, Peter R Jensen, Matthias Mann
The serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphoproteome of the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Cell Proteomics: 2007, 6(4);697-707
[PubMed:17218307] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Alain Lévine, Françoise Vannier, Cédric Absalon, Lauriane Kuhn, Peter Jackson, Elaine Scrivener, Valérie Labas, Joëlle Vinh, Patrick Courtney, Jérôme Garin, Simone J Séror
Analysis of the dynamic Bacillus subtilis Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphoproteome implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes.
Proteomics: 2006, 6(7);2157-73
[PubMed:16493705] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

H Ludwig, G Homuth, M Schmalisch, F M Dyka, M Hecker, J Stülke
Transcription of glycolytic genes and operons in Bacillus subtilis: evidence for the presence of multiple levels of control of the gapA operon.
Mol Microbiol: 2001, 41(2);409-22
[PubMed:11489127] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

B Fry, T Zhu, M M Domach, R R Koepsel, C Phalakornkule, M M Ataai
Characterization of growth and acid formation in a Bacillus subtilis pyruvate kinase mutant.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2000, 66(9);4045-9
[PubMed:10966427] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

H Sakai, K Suzuki, K Imahori
Purification and properties of pyruvate kinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus.
J Biochem: 1986, 99(4);1157-67
[PubMed:3711058] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M Diesterhaft, E Freese
Pyruvate kinase of bacillus subtilis.
Biochim Biophys Acta: 1972, 268(2);373-80
[PubMed:4623707] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

1. Eymann et al. (2007) Dynamics of protein phosphorylation on Ser/Thr/Tyr in Bacillus subtilis. Proteomics 7: 3509-3526. PubMed
2. Lévine et al. (2006) Analysis of the dynamic Bacillus subtilis Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphoproteome implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes. Proteomics 6: 2157-2173 PubMed
3. Ludwig, H., Homuth, G., Schmalisch, M., Dyka, F. M., Hecker, M., and Stülke, J. (2001) Transcription of glycolytic genes and operons in Bacillus subtilis: evidence for the presence of multiple levels of control of the gapA operon. Mol Microbiol 41, 409-422.PubMed
4. Jannière, L., Canceill, D., Suski, C., Kanga, S., Dalmais, B., Lestini, R., Monnier, A. F., Chapuis, J., Bolotin, A., Titok, M., Le Chatelier, E., and Ehrlich, S. D. (2007) Genetic evidence for a link between glycolysis and DNA replication. PLoS ONE 2, e447. PubMed
5. Fry, B., Zhu, T., Domach, M. M., Koepsel, R. R., Phalakornkule, C., and Ataai, M. M. (2000) Characterization of growth and acid formation in a Bacillus subtilis pyruvate kinase mutant. Appl Env Microbiol 66: 4045-4049. PubMed
6. Macek et al. (2007) The serine/ threonine/ tyrosine phosphoproteome of the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 6: 697-707 PubMed