pgm

168

phosphoglycerate mutase, glycolytic / gluconeogenic enzyme

Locus: BSU_33910

Molecular weight: 56.14 kDa

Isoelectric point: 5.21

Protein length: 511 aa

Gene length: 1536 bp

Function: enzyme in glycolysis / gluconeogenesis

Product: 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase

Essential: Yes

E.C.: 5.4.2.1

Synonyms: pgm, gpmI

Genomic Context

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List of homologs in different organisms, belongs to COG0696 (Galperin et al., 2021)

Gene

Coordinates: 3,477,877 3,479,412

Phenotypes of a mutant

• Essential PubMed

The protein

Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity

• (2R)-2-phosphoglycerate --> 3-phosphoglycerate (according to UniProt)

Protein family

• BPG-independent phosphoglycerate mutase family (single member, according to UniProt)

Cofactors

• Mn2+

Structure

• 1EJJ (PDB) (Geobacillus stearothermophilus, complex with 3-phosphoglycerate), 1EQJ (PDB) (Geobacillus stearothermophilus, complex with 2-phosphoglycerate), Geobacillus stearothermophilus, complex with 2-phosphoglycerate NCBI, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, complex with 3-phosphoglycerate NCBI
• P39773 (AlphaFold)

Modification

• phosphorylation on Ser-62 PubMed, PubMed

Effectors of protein activity

• Inhibited by diverse divalent heavy-metal ions, EDTA and 2,3-butanedione PubMed
• 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate has NO role on this enzyme regulation PubMed

Kinetic information

• Reversible Michaelis-Menten PubMed

Localization

• Cytoplasm (Homogeneous) PubMed

Additional information

• extensive information on the structure and enzymatic properties of Pgm can be found at Proteopedia

Expression and Regulation

Operons

• Genes: cggR-gapA-pgk-tpi-pgm-eno

  Description: PubMed

  Regulation

  • expression induced by glycolytic intermediates (CggR) CggR PubMed
  • the mRNA is processed between cggR and gapA by RNase Y, this requires the RicA-RicF-RicT complex PubMed

  Regulatory mechanism

  • CggR: repression, PubMed, in cggR regulon

  Sigma factors

  • SigA: sigma factor, PubMed, in sigA regulon

• Genes: pgk-tpi-pgm-eno

  Description: PubMed

Biological materials

Mutant

• GP593 (pgm::cat), available in Jrg Stlke's lab, PubMed
• GP598 (pgm::erm), available in Jrg Stlke's lab, PubMed
• GP698 (pgm-eno::cat), available in Jrg Stlke's lab, PubMed

Expression vectors

• pGP1425 (expression of pgm in B. subtilis, in pBQ200), available in Jrg Stlke's lab
• pGP1500 (expression of pgm and eno in B. subtilis, in pBQ200), available in Jrg Stlke's lab
• pGP1101 (N-terminal His-tag, in pWH844), available in Jrg Stlke's lab
• pGP396 (Pgm-S62A, N-terminal His-tag, in pWH844), available in Jrg Stlke's lab
• pGP92 (N-terminal Strep-tag, for SPINE, expression in B. subtilis, in pGP380), available in Jrg Stlke's lab, PubMed

Two-hybrid system

• B. pertussis adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system (BACTH), available in Jrg Stlke's lab, PubMed

Labs working on this gene/protein

• Jrg Stlke, University of Gttingen, Germany Homepage
• Mark J. Jedrzejas, Research Center Oakland, CA, USA Homepage

References

Commichau FM, Pietack N, Stülke J Essential genes in Bacillus subtilis: a re-evaluation after ten years. Molecular bioSystems. 2013 Jun; 9(6):1068-75. doi:10.1039/c3mb25595f. PMID:23420519
Eymann C, Becher D, Bernhardt J, Gronau K, Klutzny A, Hecker M Dynamics of protein phosphorylation on Ser/Thr/Tyr in Bacillus subtilis. Proteomics. 2007 Oct; 7(19):3509-26. . PMID:17726680
Jannière L, Canceill D, Suski C, Kanga S, Dalmais B, Lestini R, Monnier AF, Chapuis J, Bolotin A, Titok M, Le Chatelier E, Ehrlich SD Genetic evidence for a link between glycolysis and DNA replication. PloS one. 2007 May 16; 2(5):e447. . PMID:17505547
Macek B, Mijakovic I, Olsen JV, Gnad F, Kumar C, Jensen PR, Mann M The serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphoproteome of the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP. 2007 Apr; 6(4):697-707. . PMID:17218307
Nukui M, Mello LV, Littlejohn JE, Setlow B, Setlow P, Kim K, Leighton T, Jedrzejas MJ Structure and molecular mechanism of Bacillus anthracis cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase: a crucial enzyme for spores and growing cells of Bacillus species. Biophysical journal. 2007 Feb 01; 92(3):977-88. . PMID:17085493
Nukui M, Mello LV, Littlejohn JE, Setlow B, Setlow P, Kim K, Leighton T, Jedrzejas MJ Structure and molecular mechanism of Bacillus anthracis cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase: a crucial enzyme for spores and growing cells of Bacillus species. Biophysical journal. 2007 Feb 01; 92(3):977-88. . PMID:17085493
Meile JC, Wu LJ, Ehrlich SD, Errington J, Noirot P Systematic localisation of proteins fused to the green fluorescent protein in Bacillus subtilis: identification of new proteins at the DNA replication factory. Proteomics. 2006 Apr; 6(7):2135-46. . PMID:16479537
Blencke HM, Homuth G, Ludwig H, Mäder U, Hecker M, Stülke J Transcriptional profiling of gene expression in response to glucose in Bacillus subtilis: regulation of the central metabolic pathways. Metabolic engineering. 2003 Apr; 5(2):133-49. . PMID:12850135
Rigden DJ, Lamani E, Mello LV, Littlejohn JE, Jedrzejas MJ Insights into the catalytic mechanism of cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase from X-ray crystallography, simulated dynamics and molecular modeling. Journal of molecular biology. 2003 May 09; 328(4):909-20. . PMID:12729763
Rigden DJ, Mello LV, Setlow P, Jedrzejas MJ Structure and mechanism of action of a cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase homolog from Bacillus stearothermophilus with broad specificity phosphatase activity. Journal of molecular biology. 2002 Feb 01; 315(5):1129-43. . PMID:11827481
Jedrzejas MJ, Setlow P Comparison of the binuclear metalloenzymes diphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase and alkaline phosphatase: their mechanism of catalysis via a phosphoserine intermediate. Chemical reviews. 2001 Mar; 101(3):607-18. . PMID:11712498
Jedrzejas MJ, Setlow P Comparison of the binuclear metalloenzymes diphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase and alkaline phosphatase: their mechanism of catalysis via a phosphoserine intermediate. Chemical reviews. 2001 Mar; 101(3):607-18. . PMID:11712498
Rigden DJ, Bagyan I, Lamani E, Setlow P, Jedrzejas MJ A cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase homolog from Bacillus stearothermophilus is actually a broad specificity phosphatase. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society. 2001 Sep; 10(9):1835-46. . PMID:11514674
Ludwig H, Homuth G, Schmalisch M, Dyka FM, Hecker M, Stülke J Transcription of glycolytic genes and operons in Bacillus subtilis: evidence for the presence of multiple levels of control of the gapA operon. Molecular microbiology. 2001 Jul; 41(2):409-22. . PMID:11489127
Jedrzejas MJ, Chander M, Setlow P, Krishnasamy G Mechanism of catalysis of the cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Crystal structure of the complex with 2-phosphoglycerate. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2000 Jul 28; 275(30):23146-53. . PMID:10764795
Jedrzejas MJ, Chander M, Setlow P, Krishnasamy G Mechanism of catalysis of the cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Crystal structure of the complex with 2-phosphoglycerate. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2000 Jul 28; 275(30):23146-53. . PMID:10764795
Jedrzejas MJ, Chander M, Setlow P, Krishnasamy G Structure and mechanism of action of a novel phosphoglycerate mutase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. The EMBO journal. 2000 Apr 03; 19(7):1419-31. . PMID:10747010
Jedrzejas MJ, Chander M, Setlow P, Krishnasamy G Structure and mechanism of action of a novel phosphoglycerate mutase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. The EMBO journal. 2000 Apr 03; 19(7):1419-31. . PMID:10747010
Chander M, Setlow P, Lamani E, Jedrzejas MJ Structural studies on a 2,3-diphosphoglycerate independent phosphoglycerate mutase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Journal of structural biology. 1999 Jun 15; 126(2):156-65. . PMID:10388626
Chander M, Setlow P, Lamani E, Jedrzejas MJ Structural studies on a 2,3-diphosphoglycerate independent phosphoglycerate mutase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Journal of structural biology. 1999 Jun 15; 126(2):156-65. . PMID:10388626
Chander M, Setlow B, Setlow P The enzymatic activity of phosphoglycerate mutase from gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria requires Mn2+ and is pH sensitive. Canadian journal of microbiology. 1998 Aug; 44(8):759-67. . PMID:9830105
Magill NG, Cowan AE, Leyva-Vazquez MA, Brown M, Koppel DE, Setlow P Analysis of the relationship between the decrease in pH and accumulation of 3-phosphoglyceric acid in developing forespores of Bacillus species. Journal of bacteriology. 1996 Apr; 178(8):2204-10. . PMID:8636019
Kuhn NJ, Setlow B, Setlow P Manganese(II) activation of 3-phosphoglycerate mutase of Bacillus megaterium: pH-sensitive interconversion of active and inactive forms. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics. 1993 Nov 01; 306(2):342-9. . PMID:8215434
Leyva-Vazquez MA, Setlow P Cloning and nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding triose phosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate mutase, and enolase from Bacillus subtilis. Journal of bacteriology. 1994 Jul; 176(13):3903-10. . PMID:8021172
Watabe K, Freese E Purification and properties of the manganese-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase of Bacillus subtilis. Journal of bacteriology. 1979 Feb; 137(2):773-8. . PMID:33963