Sun Dec 18 2016 20:11:17 GMT+0100 (CET)2025-04-05 08:37:12
description
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent, glycolytic enzyme, forms a transhydrogenation cycle with GapB for balancing of NADPH
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent, glycolytic enzyme, forms a transhydrogenation cycle with [[protein|GapB]] for balancing of NADPH
locus
BSU33940
BSU_33940
outlinks
bsu
BSU33940
BSU_33940
[SW|Categories] containing this gene/protein
[SW|carbon core metabolism], [SW|essential genes], [SW|membrane proteins], [SW|phosphoproteins], [SW|most abundant proteins]
Gene
Coordinates on the chromosome (coding sequence)
3,481,698 -> 3,482,705
The protein
Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate phosphate NAD = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate NADH (according to Swiss-Prot)
This reaction is part of the glycolysis.
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD+ + phosphate --> 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + H+ + NADH (according to UniProt)
This reaction is part of the glycolysis.
The protein
Protein family
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family (according to Swiss-Prot)
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family (with [[protein|GapB]], according to UniProt)
The protein
Paralogous protein(s)
[[protein|GapB]]
[[this]]
The protein
Modification
phosphorylated on Arg-199 [Pubmed|22517742]
Phosphorylation on (Ser-148 OR Ser-151 OR Thr-153 OR Thr-154) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/17218307 PubMed1], [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17726680 PubMed2]
Reversible thiol modifications after exposure to toxic quinones [Pubmed|18673455]
Cys152-Cys156 form intramolecular disulfide in response to disulfide stress (diamide, NaOCl-stress) [Pubmed|21749987]
phosphorylated on Arg-199 [Pubmed|31221751,22517742]
Phosphorylation on (Ser-148 OR Ser-151 OR Thr-153 OR Thr-154) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/17218307 PubMed1], [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17726680 PubMed2]
Reversible thiol modifications after exposure to toxic quinones [Pubmed|18673455]
Cys152-Cys156 form intramolecular disulfide in response to disulfide stress (diamide, NaOCl-stress) [Pubmed|21749987]
The protein
[SW|Cofactors]
NAD (does not accept NADP ) [Pubmed|10799476]
NAD+ (does not accept NADP+) [Pubmed|10799476]
The protein
Structure
[PDB|1GD1] (from ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus'')
[PDB|1NQO] (from ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus'', mutant with cys 149 replaced by ser, complex with NAD und D-Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate)
[PDB|1GD1] (from ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus'') [pubmed|3586018]
[PDB|1NQO] (from ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus'', mutant with cys 149 replaced by ser, complex with NAD and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) [pubmed|12569100]
The protein
[SW|Interactions]
[[protein|GapA]]-[[protein|PtsH]]: [[PtsH|HPr(Ser-46-P)]] binds GapA resulting in a slight inhibition of enzymatic activity [Pubmed|17142398]
[[protein|GapA]]-[[protein|Crh]]: [[Crh|Crh(Ser-46-P)]] binds GapA resulting in a slight inhibition of enzymatic activity.[Pubmed|17142398]
[[protein|GapA]]-[[protein|YkzW]] [Pubmed|23034808]
[SW|GapA]-[SW|RnjA] [Pubmed|27449348]
[SW|GapA]-[SW|Rny] [Pubmed|27449348]
The protein
Additional information
GAP dehydrogenases from different sources (incl. ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus'') were shown to cleave RNA ([Pubmed|12359717])
Moreover, mutations in ''gapA'' from ''B. subtilis'' can suppress mutations in genes involved in DNA replication ([Pubmed|17505547]).
extensive information on the structure and enzymatic properties of GapA can be found at [http://www.proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate_Dehydrogenase Proteopedia]
GAP dehydrogenases from different sources (incl. ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus'') were shown to cleave RNA ([Pubmed|12359717])
Moreover, mutations in ''gapA'' from ''B. subtilis'' can suppress mutations in genes involved in DNA replication ([Pubmed|17505547]).
extensive information on the structure and enzymatic properties of GapA can be found at [http://www.proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate_Dehydrogenase Proteopedia]
belongs to the 100 [SW|most abundant proteins] [PubMed|15378759]
the protein is stable under both glycolytic and gluconeogenic conditions [pubmed|28760849]
Expression and Regulation
Operon
''[[protein|cggR]]-[[protein|gapA]]-[[protein|pgk]]-[[protein|tpi]]-[[protein|pgm]]-[[protein|eno]]'' [Pubmed|11489127]
''[[protein|cggR]]-[[protein|gapA]]'' [Pubmed|11489127]
Expression and Regulation
[SW|Sigma factor]
[[protein|SigA]] [Pubmed|11489127]
Expression and Regulation
Regulation
expression activated by glucose (10 fold) ([[protein|CggR]]) [Pubmed|12850135,12622823]
Expression and Regulation
Regulatory mechanism
[[protein|CggR]]: transcription repression [Pubmed|11489127]
Expression and Regulation
Additional information
GapA is one of the most abundant proteins in the cell. In the presence of glucose, there are about 25,000 GapA molecules per cell ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/12634343 PubMed])
belongs to the 100 [SW|most abundant proteins] [PubMed|15378759]
The primary mRNAs of the operon are highly unstable. The primary mRNA is subject to processing at the very end of the '[[protein|cggR]]' open reading frame. This results in stable mature '[[protein|gapA]]' and '[[protein|gapA]]-[[protein|pgk]]-[[protein|tpiA]]-[[protein|pgm]]-[[protein|eno]]' mRNAs. [PubMed|11489127] The processing event requires the [[Rny|RNase Y]] [PubMed|19193632].
The accumulation of the '[[protein|cggR]]-[[protein|gapA]]' mRNA is strongly dependent on the presence of the [[protein|YkzW]] peptide, due to stabilization of the mRNA [PubMed|20444087].
the mRNA is substantially stabilized upon depletion of [[Rny|RNase Y]] [PubMed|21815947]
Biological materials
Mutant
GP592 (''gapA''::''cat''), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab, [Pubmed|23420519]
GP597 (''gapA''::''erm''), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab, [Pubmed|23420519]
GP703 (''gapA''::''cat'' ''[[protein|gapB]]''::''spec''), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab, [Pubmed|23420519]
GM1501 (under p(spac) control), available in [SW|Stephane Aymerich]'s lab
1A1003 ( ''gapA''::''erm''), available at [http://pasture.asc.ohio-state.edu/BGSC/getdetail.cfm?bgscid=1A1003&Search=1A1003 BGSC]
GP592 (''gapA''::''cat''), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab, [Pubmed|23420519]
GP597 (''gapA''::''erm''), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab, [Pubmed|23420519]
GP703 (''gapA''::''cat'' ''[[gene|gapB]]''::''spec''), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab, [Pubmed|23420519]
GM1501 (under p(spac) control), available in [SW|Stephane Aymerich]'s lab
1A1003 ( ''gapA''::''erm''), available at [http://pasture.asc.ohio-state.edu/BGSC/getdetail.cfm?bgscid=1A1003&Search=1A1003 BGSC]
Biological materials
Expression vector
pGP1424 (expression in ''B. subtilis'', in [SW|pBQ200]) (available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab)
pGP90 (N-terminal Strep-tag, for [SW|SPINE], purification from ''B. subtilis'', in [SW|pGP380]) (available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab)
pGP704 (N-terminal His-tag, in [SW|pWH844]) (available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab)
Biological materials
lacZ fusion
pGP506 (in [[protein|pAC7]]), pGP512 (in [[protein|pAC6]]) (available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab)
pGP506 (in [SW|pAC7]), pGP512 (in [SW|pAC6]) (available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab)
Biological materials
two-hybrid system
''B. pertussis'' adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system ([SW|BACTH]), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
''B. pertussis'' adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system ([SW|BACTH]), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab, [pubmed|19193632]
Biological materials
Antibody
available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab [pubmed|12634343]
Labs working on this gene/protein
[SW|Stephane Aymerich], Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, INRA Paris-Grignon, France
[SW|Jörg Stülke], University of Göttingen, Germany
[http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~genmibio/stuelke.html homepage]
References
Reviews
References
Original publications
proteinLength
335
geneLength
1008
Gene
Coordinates
3,481,698 → 3,482,705
Expression and Regulation
Operons
[[this]]
Expression and Regulation
Other regulations
[[this]]
Biological materials
Expression vectors
pGP1424 (expression in ''B. subtilis'', in [SW|pBQ200]) (available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab)
pGP90 (N-terminal Strep-tag, for [SW|SPINE], purification from ''B. subtilis'', in [SW|pGP380]) (available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab) [pubmed|19193632]
pGP704 (N-terminal His-tag, in [SW|pWH844]) (available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab) [pubmed|12634343]
labs
[SW|Stephane Aymerich], Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, INRA Paris-Grignon, France
[SW|Jörg Stülke], University of Göttingen, Germany
[http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~genmibio/stuelke.html homepage]