ketol-acid reductoisomerase (2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate, 2-acetolactate)
function
biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids
product
ketol-acid reductoisomerase
(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate, 2-acetolactate)
Genomic Context
categories
[category|SW 2|Metabolism] → [category|SW 2.3|Amino acid/ nitrogen metabolism] → [category|SW 2.3.1|Biosynthesis/ acquisition of amino acids] → [category|SW 2.3.1.12|Biosynthesis/ acquisition of branched-chain amino acids][category|SW 6|Groups of genes] → [category|SW 6.4|Phosphoproteins] → [category|SW 6.4.1|Phosphorylation on an Arg residue][category|SW 6|Groups of genes] → [category|SW 6.4|Phosphoproteins] → [category|SW 6.4.5|Phosphorylation on a Ser residue][SW|Categories] containing this gene/protein
[SW|biosynthesis/ acquisition of amino acids], [SW|phosphoproteins], [SW|most abundant proteins]This gene is a member of the following [SW|regulons]
[SW|CcpA regulon], [SW|CodY regulon], [SW|T-box], [SW|TnrA regulon]Gene
Coordinates on the chromosome (coding sequence)
2,893,681 -> 2,894,709
The protein
Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate NADP = (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate NADPH (according to Swiss-Prot) Protein family
ketol-acid reductoisomerase family (according to Swiss-Prot)Modification
phosphorylated on Arg-298 [Pubmed|22517742]phosphorylated on Ser-338 [Pubmed|20509597]Structure
[PDB|1NP3] (from ''Escherichia coli'', 53% identity, 71% similarity) [Pubmed|12691757]Expression and Regulation
Operon
''[protein|search|ilvB]-[protein|search|ilvH]-[protein|search|ilvC]-[protein|search|leuA]-[protein|search|leuB]-[protein|search|leuC]-[protein|search|leuD]'' [Pubmed|1577690][SW|Sigma factor]
[protein|search|SigA] [Pubmed|1577690]Regulation
for a complete overview on the regulation of the ilv operon, see [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20935095 Brinsmade ''et al''.]repressed by casamino acids [Pubmed|12107147]expression is stimulated in the presence of glucose [Pubmed|12193635]repressed in the absence of good nitrogen sources (glutamine or ammonium) ([protein|search|TnrA]) [Pubmed|15547269]repressed during growth in the presence of branched chain amino acids ([protein|search|CodY], [protein|search|T-box]) [Pubmed|12618455]Regulatory mechanism
[protein|search|CodY]: transcription repression [Pubmed|12618455][protein|search|CcpA]: transcription activation [Pubmed|12193635][protein|search|T-box]: tRNA-controlled [SW|RNA switch] that mediates termination/antitermination[protein|search|TnrA]: transcription repression [Pubmed|15547269]Additional information
belongs to the 100 [[most abundant proteins]] [PubMed|15378759]Biological materials
lacZ fusion
pGP521 (in [protein|search|pAC5]), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s labReferences
24163341,15060025,12193635,19258532,8289305,18641142,20935095,15547269,12618455,12107147,20509597,22517742,15378759,25755103,25157083,26220295 
