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gapA [Sun Dec 18 2016 20:11:17 GMT+0100 (CET)]
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gapA [Sun Dec 18 2016 20:11:17 GMT+0100 (CET)]

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent, glycolytic enzyme, forms a transhydrogenation cycle with GapB for balancing of NADPH
locus
BSU33940
pI
5.00
mw
35.00 kDa
function
catabolic enzyme in glycolysis
product
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
essential
Yes
ec
1.2.1.12
synonyms
Outlinks
KEGGBsubCycSubtiListUniProtExpression Browser

Genomic Context

      

categories

  • [category|SW 2|Metabolism] → [category|SW 2.2|Carbon metabolism] → [category|SW 2.2.1|Carbon core metabolism] → [category|SW 2.2.1.1|Glycolysis]
  • [category|SW 6|Groups of genes] → [category|SW 6.1|Essential genes]
  • [category|SW 6|Groups of genes] → [category|SW 6.4|Phosphoproteins] → [category|SW 6.4.1|Phosphorylation on an Arg residue]
  • [category|SW 6|Groups of genes] → [category|SW 6.4|Phosphoproteins] → [category|SW 6.4.8|Phosphorylation on either a Ser, Thr or Tyr residue]

    • [SW|Categories] containing this gene/protein

  • [SW|carbon core metabolism], [SW|essential genes], [SW|membrane proteins], [SW|phosphoproteins], [SW|most abundant proteins]

    • This gene is a member of the following [SW|regulons]

  • [SW|CggR regulon]

    • Gene

    Coordinates on the chromosome (coding sequence)
    3,481,698 -> 3,482,705

    Phenotypes of a mutant

  • Essential [Pubmed|17114254]

    • The protein

    Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity

  • D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate phosphate NAD = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate NADH (according to Swiss-Prot)
  • This reaction is part of the glycolysis.

    • Protein family

  • glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family (according to Swiss-Prot)

    • Paralogous protein(s)

  • [protein|search|GapB]

    • Kinetic information

  • Michaelis-Menten [Pubmed|10799476]

    • Modification

  • phosphorylated on Arg-199 [Pubmed|22517742]
  • Phosphorylation on (Ser-148 OR Ser-151 OR Thr-153 OR Thr-154) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/17218307 PubMed1], [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17726680 PubMed2]
  • Reversible thiol modifications after exposure to toxic quinones [Pubmed|18673455]
  • Cys152-Cys156 form intramolecular disulfide in response to disulfide stress (diamide, NaOCl-stress) [Pubmed|21749987]

    • [SW|Cofactors]

  • NAD (does not accept NADP ) [Pubmed|10799476]

    • Structure

  • [PDB|1GD1] (from ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus'')
  • [PDB|1NQO] (from ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus'', mutant with cys 149 replaced by ser, complex with NAD und D-Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate)

    • [SW|Localization]

  • cytoplasm (Homogeneous) [Pubmed|16479537] [Pubmed|14600241]
  • loosely membrane associated [Pubmed|18763711]

    • [SW|Interactions]

  • [protein|search|GapA]-[protein|search|PtsH]: [PtsH|search|HPr(Ser-46-P)] binds GapA resulting in a slight inhibition of enzymatic activity [Pubmed|17142398]
  • [protein|search|GapA]-[protein|search|Crh]: [Crh|search|Crh(Ser-46-P)] binds GapA resulting in a slight inhibition of enzymatic activity.[Pubmed|17142398]
  • [protein|search|GapA]-[protein|search|YkzW] [Pubmed|23034808]
  • [SW|GapA]-[SW|RnjA] [Pubmed|27449348]
  • [SW|GapA]-[SW|Rny] [Pubmed|27449348]

    • Additional information

  • GAP dehydrogenases from different sources (incl. ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus'') were shown to cleave RNA ([Pubmed|12359717])
  • Moreover, mutations in ''gapA'' from ''B. subtilis'' can suppress mutations in genes involved in DNA replication ([Pubmed|17505547]).
  • extensive information on the structure and enzymatic properties of GapA can be found at [http://www.proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate_Dehydrogenase Proteopedia]

    • Expression and Regulation

    Operon

  • ''[protein|search|cggR]-[protein|search|gapA]-[protein|search|pgk]-[protein|search|tpi]-[protein|search|pgm]-[protein|search|eno]'' [Pubmed|11489127]
  • ''[protein|search|cggR]-[protein|search|gapA]'' [Pubmed|11489127]

    • [SW|Sigma factor]

  • [protein|search|SigA] [Pubmed|11489127]

    • Regulation

  • expression activated by glucose (10 fold) ([protein|search|CggR]) [Pubmed|12850135,12622823]

    • Regulatory mechanism

  • [protein|search|CggR]: transcription repression [Pubmed|11489127]

    • Additional information

  • GapA is one of the most abundant proteins in the cell. In the presence of glucose, there are about 25,000 GapA molecules per cell ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/12634343 PubMed])
  • belongs to the 100 [SW|most abundant proteins] [PubMed|15378759]
  • The primary mRNAs of the operon are highly unstable. The primary mRNA is subject to processing at the very end of the '[protein|search|cggR]' open reading frame. This results in stable mature '[protein|search|gapA]' and '[protein|search|gapA]-[protein|search|pgk]-[protein|search|tpiA]-[protein|search|pgm]-[protein|search|eno]' mRNAs. [PubMed|11489127] The processing event requires the [Rny|search|RNase Y] [PubMed|19193632].
  • The accumulation of the '[protein|search|cggR]-[protein|search|gapA]' mRNA is strongly dependent on the presence of the [protein|search|YkzW] peptide, due to stabilization of the mRNA [PubMed|20444087].
  • the mRNA is substantially stabilized upon depletion of [Rny|search|RNase Y] [PubMed|21815947]

    • Biological materials

    Mutant

  • GP592 (''gapA''::''cat''), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab, [Pubmed|23420519]
  • GP597 (''gapA''::''erm''), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab, [Pubmed|23420519]
  • GP703 (''gapA''::''cat'' ''[protein|search|gapB]''::''spec''), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab, [Pubmed|23420519]
  • GM1501 (under p(spac) control), available in [SW|Stephane Aymerich]'s lab
  • 1A1003 ( ''gapA''::''erm''), available at [http://pasture.asc.ohio-state.edu/BGSC/getdetail.cfm?bgscid=1A1003&Search=1A1003 BGSC]

    • Expression vector

  • pGP1424 (expression in ''B. subtilis'', in [SW|pBQ200]) (available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab)
  • pGP90 (N-terminal Strep-tag, for [SW|SPINE], purification from ''B. subtilis'', in [SW|pGP380]) (available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab)
  • pGP704 (N-terminal His-tag, in [SW|pWH844]) (available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab)

    • lacZ fusion

  • pGP506 (in [protein|search|pAC7]), pGP512 (in [protein|search|pAC6]) (available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab)

    • two-hybrid system

  • ''B. pertussis'' adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system ([SW|BACTH]), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab

    • Antibody

  • available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab

    • Labs working on this gene/protein

  • [SW|Stephane Aymerich], Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, INRA Paris-Grignon, France
  • [SW|Jörg Stülke], University of Göttingen, Germany
  • [http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~genmibio/stuelke.html homepage]

    • References

    Reviews

  • 11163353

    • Original publications

  • 22517742,23420519,22740702,23034808,21815947,21749987,12850135,19193632,18673455,20444087,17726680,16479537,12622823,12359717,10799476,17505547,11489127,12123463,17218307,12634343,17142398,17114254,10559165,15378759,27449348