skfA

spore killing factor

locus: BSU_01910

pI: 10.65

mw: 5.80 kDa

protein length: 55 aa

gene length: 168 bp

function: killing of sister cells

product: spore killing factor

essential: no

synonyms: ybcO

Genomic Context

categories

• [category|SW 4|Lifestyles] → [category|SW 4.3|Coping with stress] → [category|SW 4.3.17|Toxins, antitoxins and immunity against toxins]
• [category|SW 5|Prophages and mobile genetic elements] → [category|SW 5.1|Prophages] → [category|SW 5.1.4|Prophage 1]

Gene

Coordinates: 213,941 → 214,108

The protein

Modification

• the mature SKF is cyclic 26-amino acid peptide that is posttranslationally modified with one disulfide and one cysteine thioether bridged to the alpha-position of a methionine [Pubmed|20805502], the thioether bond is generated by [protein|F981C605C652D1A4429579A5F24608CE7F570834|SkfB] [Pubmed|23282011]

[SW|Localization]

• secreted (according to Swiss-Prot)

Expression and Regulation

Operons

• genes: [gene|DDB0022F50999AC52809D651C9CC5A5FDC71302C|skfA]-[gene|F981C605C652D1A4429579A5F24608CE7F570834|skfB]-[gene|4DFF9924E07D834F37580D73E88451C1671C5111|skfC]-[gene|5886364199844356446C08F08664B301A714E74A|skfE]-[gene|77D93CAEF46EBBB9BAF570714445E194D5F2884E|skfF]-[gene|527AB8EAAF0A1AAD4E5B714B35ED9F78BECC17EC|skfG]-[gene|F31B12F80AFC3580FD33811A1C22E74F75DC1A85|skfH]
  description: [Pubmed|16816204]

  sigma factors

  • [protein|360F48D576DE950DF79C1A2677B7A35A8D8CC30C|SigA]: sigma factor, [Pubmed|16452424], in [regulon|360F48D576DE950DF79C1A2677B7A35A8D8CC30C|SigA regulon]

  regulatory mechanism

  • [protein|2C54FE2ADC82FF414D732018C90649D477A925AD|Spo0A]: activation, [PubMed|14651647,15687200], in [regulon|2C54FE2ADC82FF414D732018C90649D477A925AD|Spo0A regulon]
  • [protein|E5110D9C36E8C55AFD1419987B14A53232165F20|AbrB]: repression, [PubMed|15687200,17720793], in [regulon|E5110D9C36E8C55AFD1419987B14A53232165F20|AbrB regulon]
  • [protein|638D6D2FCCA2A167EFED05CB4E60C2D78D5319AE|PhoP]: activation, [Pubmed|16816204], in [regulon|638D6D2FCCA2A167EFED05CB4E60C2D78D5319AE|PhoP regulon]

  regulation

  • expressed under conditions that trigger sporulation ([SW|Spo0A]) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/14651647,15687200 PubMed]

  additional information

  • Northern blotting during during phosphate limitation showed an intense 0.25 kb '[protein|DDB0022F50999AC52809D651C9CC5A5FDC71302C|SkfA]'-specific transcript, and a weaker 6.5 kb [gene|DDB0022F50999AC52809D651C9CC5A5FDC71302C|skfA]-[gene|F981C605C652D1A4429579A5F24608CE7F570834|skfB]-[gene|4DFF9924E07D834F37580D73E88451C1671C5111|skfC]-[gene|5886364199844356446C08F08664B301A714E74A|skfE]-[gene|77D93CAEF46EBBB9BAF570714445E194D5F2884E|skfF]-[gene|527AB8EAAF0A1AAD4E5B714B35ED9F78BECC17EC|skfG]-[gene|F31B12F80AFC3580FD33811A1C22E74F75DC1A85|skfH] transcript

additional information

• the mRNA is very stable (> 15 min) [pubmed|12884008]

Biological materials

Mutant

• MGNA-B971 (ybcO::erm), available at the [https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/bsub/resource/strainGeneDisrupted/detail/1970 NBRP B. subtilis, Japan]
• BKE01910 (Δ[gene|DDB0022F50999AC52809D651C9CC5A5FDC71302C|skfA]::erm trpC2) available at [http://www.bgsc.org/getdetail.php?bgscid=BKE01910 BGSC], [Pubmed|28189581], upstream reverse: _UP1_CATAAGTAAACCTCCTCTCA, downstream forward: _UP4_TAACATTTGAGAATAGGGAG
• BKK01910 (Δ[gene|DDB0022F50999AC52809D651C9CC5A5FDC71302C|skfA]::kan trpC2) available at [http://www.bgsc.org/getdetail.php?bgscid=BKK01910 BGSC], [Pubmed|28189581], upstream reverse: _UP1_CATAAGTAAACCTCCTCTCA, downstream forward: _UP4_TAACATTTGAGAATAGGGAG

GFP fusion

• GP1645 ''[gene|154862E3FFA7CEBA5725BAD08E09D0E1C6B7F946|ymdB]''::''spc'' P''skf-gfp'' (''cat'') in the NCIB3610 background, available in [SW| Jörg Stülke]'s lab

References

Reviews

• 20955377