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spx

transcriptional regulator Spx, involved in regulation of many genes, important for the prevention of protein aggregation during severe heat stress, required for protection against paraquat stress

locus

BSU_11500

7.91

15.39 kDa

protein length

131 aa Sequence Blast

gene length

396 bp Sequence Blast

function

negative and positive regulator of many genes

product

transcriptional regulator Spx

essential

synonyms

yjbD

Outlinks

KEGG BsubCyc SubtiList UniProt Expression Browser

Genomic Context

Hide small RNAs Zoom:

categories

[category|SW 3|Information processing] → [category|SW 3.4|Regulation of gene expression] → [category|SW 3.4.2|Transcription factors and their control] → [category|SW 3.4.2.5|Transcription factors/ other]

[category|SW 4|Lifestyles] → [category|SW 4.3|Coping with stress] → [category|SW 4.3.1|General stress proteins (controlled by SigB)]

[category|SW 4|Lifestyles] → [category|SW 4.3|Coping with stress] → [category|SW 4.3.2|Cell envelope stress proteins (controlled by SigM, V, W, X, Y)]

[category|SW 4|Lifestyles] → [category|SW 4.3|Coping with stress] → [category|SW 4.3.8|Resistance against oxidative and electrophile stress]

[category|SW 6|Groups of genes] → [category|SW 6.4|Phosphoproteins] → [category|SW 6.4.1|Phosphorylation on an Arg residue]

Gene

Coordinates

1,227,697 1,228,092

Phenotypes of a mutant

Loss of up-regulation of the methionine sulfoxide reductase (''[gene|389245FDE13226D65DF117E28B5DA346DC856860|msrA]-[gene|BF8A3C916C4B673D30AEF7C330C9BD5A487AB0EA|msrB]'') operon in response to thiol specific oxidative stress, also loss of ''[gene|4E5C84FDC8FE2FEFF47306C91ECAB7F17D3E38E9|trxA]'' and ''[gene|1BC439BBCD5FE19D5780519D7E4317C2EFF0D21B|trxB]'' upregulation in response to thiol specific oxidative stress.

The protein

Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity

transcriptional regulator of many genes in response to thiol specific oxidative stress (transcription activator of [gene|4E5C84FDC8FE2FEFF47306C91ECAB7F17D3E38E9|trxA] and [gene|1BC439BBCD5FE19D5780519D7E4317C2EFF0D21B|trxB])

in addition, Spx inhibits transcription by binding to the C-terminal domain of the alpha subunit of RNAP ([protein|5996A5C25E108A3C4562686BF34A59CB14FD56EB|RpoA]), disrupting complex formation between RNAP and certain transcriptional activator proteins like [protein|1E829D639BADDC6BDC9B5FB4C97A632A53FDDB24|ResD] and [protein|7832489F11F606BCF637EC23BAAB41AD10237EBB|ComA]

in response to thiol specific oxidative stress, Spx can also activate transcription, making it a general regulator that exerts both positive and negative control over transcription initiation

involved in competence regulation [Pubmed|11703662]

inhibits expression of translation-related genes during heat stress [pubmed|30480837]

Protein family

ArsC family (with [protein|6A38DAA96F7BBF31FD8A4018A8CA7A72F3C28F79|MgsR] and [protein|5278DD377B110CC14E239B9428F1985B472EEDF5|YusI], according to UniProt)

Paralogous protein(s)

[protein|6A38DAA96F7BBF31FD8A4018A8CA7A72F3C28F79|MgsR]

[SW|Domains]

CXXC (10-13): Acts as a disulfide switch for the redox-sensitive transcriptional regulation of genes that function in thiol homeostasis.

Modification

Cysteine oxidation of CXXC motif

phosphorylation on R14, R91, R100, R112 by McsB, dephosphosphorylation by YwlE [pubmed|30962353]

Structure

[PDB|1Z3E] complex with C-terminal domain of [protein|5996A5C25E108A3C4562686BF34A59CB14FD56EB|RpoA] [pubmed|16249335]

[PDB|6GHB] (complexed with oxidized Geobacillus kaustophilus [protein|87124945A1CBF7990856FBEB9EAD25096DAC0868|YjbH]) [Pubmed|30982633]

[PDB|6GHO] (complexed with Geobacillus kaustophilus [protein|87124945A1CBF7990856FBEB9EAD25096DAC0868|YjbH]) [Pubmed|30982633]

[SW|Localization]

cytoplasm (according to UniProt)

Expression and Regulation

Operons

genes

[gene|2C6386E9A63F410558D168798D077DF91590F454|spx]

description

[Pubmed|10913081]

sigma factors

regulatory mechanism

regulation

induced by stress ([protein|580011DE5DC40EC9E7E0512791D328FAA010DCB8|SigB]) [Pubmed|15805528]

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genes

[gene|54D021424B31A8244F0F4B32EF9483CF27F90D43|yjbC]-[gene|2C6386E9A63F410558D168798D077DF91590F454|spx]

description

[Pubmed|10913081]

sigma factors

[protein|3D974DD2967C7F8FD4E3C2AF42617B8AE9F0296D|SigW]: sigma factor, in [regulon|3D974DD2967C7F8FD4E3C2AF42617B8AE9F0296D|SigW regulon]

[protein|580011DE5DC40EC9E7E0512791D328FAA010DCB8|SigB]: sigma factor, in [regulon|580011DE5DC40EC9E7E0512791D328FAA010DCB8|SigB regulon]

regulatory mechanism

regulation

induced by stress ([protein|580011DE5DC40EC9E7E0512791D328FAA010DCB8|SigB]) [Pubmed|15805528]

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additional information

Biological materials

Mutant

MGNA-B151 (yjbD::erm), available at the [https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/bsub/resource/strainGeneDisrupted/detail/1150 NBRP B. subtilis, Japan]

GPUG3 (spc), available in [SW|Ulf Gerth]s and [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s labs

GP1788 (spc), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab

ORB6781 (spc), ORB6876 (tet), available in [SW|Zuber] lab, also available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab

1A917 ( ''spx''::''spec''), [Pubmed|21949854], available at [http://pasture.asc.ohio-state.edu/BGSC/getdetail.cfm?bgscid=1A917&Search=1A917 BGSC]

1A916 ( ''spx''::''tet''), [Pubmed|21949854], available at [http://pasture.asc.ohio-state.edu/BGSC/getdetail.cfm?bgscid=1A916&Search=1A916 BGSC]

BKE11500 ([gene|2C6386E9A63F410558D168798D077DF91590F454|spx]::erm trpC2) available at [http://www.bgsc.org/getdetail.php?bgscid=BKE11500 BGSC], [Pubmed|28189581], upstream reverse: _UP1_CATTCATCTTCACTCCTCTA, downstream forward: _UP4_TAATAGATCGTATCATCAAA

BKK11500 ([gene|2C6386E9A63F410558D168798D077DF91590F454|spx]::kan trpC2) available at [http://www.bgsc.org/getdetail.php?bgscid=BKK11500 BGSC], [Pubmed|28189581], upstream reverse: _UP1_CATTCATCTTCACTCCTCTA, downstream forward: _UP4_TAATAGATCGTATCATCAAA

two-hybrid system

''B. pertussis'' adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system ([SW|BACTH]), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab

labs

[SW|Peter Zuber], Oregon Health and Science University, USA, [http://www.ogi.edu/people/dsp_person.cfm?person_id=411D6801-2A56-D16D-58A06B4480EDB9C7 Homepage]

[SW|Richard Brennan], Houston, Texas, USA [http://www.mdanderson.org/departments/biochem/display.cfm?id=556ef368-6c81-4043-b74f350d41dd06cb&method=displayfull&pn=a8427ebd-d0ff-11d4-80fd00508b603a14 Homepage]

References

Reviews

19575568,20626317,30830258,31655740

The [SW|Spx regulon]

15937167,14597697,15028674,22904090,29271514

Structural analysis of Spx

19580872,16249335,23813734

Original Publications

21378193,22307755,18487332,17908206,17434969,17158660,19074380,15805528,18662407,16885442,18179421,17434969,17908206,17158660,11703662,15659166,12642660,12057962,10482513,18687074,12775685,16740936,17827297,20084284,20057163,10913081,21815947,23894131,23934352,22582280,24417481,24942655,25353645,25433860,27191337,28484046,30001325,30480837,30718304,30982633,30962353