spo0A [Tue Dec 13 2016 11:16:34 GMT+0100 (CET)]

phosphorelay regulator, initiation of sporulation, coordinates DNA replication and initiation of sporulation by binding to sites close to the oriC

locus: BSU24220

pI: 5.00

mw: 29.00 kDa

function: initiation of sporulation

product: phosphorelay response regulator

essential: no

synonyms: spo0C, spo0G, spoIIL, sof-1

Genomic Context

categories

• [category|SW 3|Information processing] → [category|SW 3.4|Regulation of gene expression] → [category|SW 3.4.2|Transcription factors and their control] → [category|SW 3.4.2.1|Two-component system response regulators]
• [category|SW 3|Information processing] → [category|SW 3.4|Regulation of gene expression] → [category|SW 3.4.7|phosphorelay]
• [category|SW 3|Information processing] → [category|SW 3.4|Regulation of gene expression] → [category|SW 3.4.7|phosphorelay] → [category|SW 3.4.7.4|The ultimate target]
• [category|SW 4|Lifestyles] → [category|SW 4.1|Exponential and early post-exponential lifestyles] → [category|SW 4.1.2|Biofilm formation]
• [category|SW 4|Lifestyles] → [category|SW 4.1|Exponential and early post-exponential lifestyles] → [category|SW 4.1.2|Biofilm formation] → [category|SW 4.1.2.4|Regulation]
• [category|SW 4|Lifestyles] → [category|SW 4.2|Sporulation] → [category|SW 4.2.2|phosphorelay]
• [category|SW 4|Lifestyles] → [category|SW 4.2|Sporulation] → [category|SW 4.2.2|phosphorelay] → [category|SW 4.2.2.4|The ultimate target]
• [category|SW 6|Groups of genes] → [category|SW 6.4|Phosphoproteins] → [category|SW 6.4.2|Phosphorylation on an Asp residue]

[SW|Categories] containing this gene/protein

• [SW|transcription factors and their control], [SW|phosphorelay], [SW|biofilm formation], [SW|phosphoproteins]

This gene is a member of the following [SW|regulons]

• [SW|SigH regulon], [SW|Spo0A regulon]

Gene

Coordinates on the chromosome (coding sequence): 2,518,023 -> 2,518,826

Phenotypes of a mutant

• inactivation of ''[SW|spo0A]'' restores beta-lactam resistance in a ''[protein|search|sigM]'' mutant [Pubmed|22211522]
• altered cell death pattern in colonies [Pubmed|23012477]

The protein

Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity

• activation of gene expression at the onset of [SW|sporulation] ([SW|Spo0A regulon])
• coordination between [SW|DNA replication] and initiation of [SW|sporulation] by binding to sites close to the ''oriC'' (this limits re-initiation of replication) [Pubmed|23301687]
• required for [SW|biofilm formation] [Pubmed|11886552]
• required for [SW|sliding] [Pubmed|26152584]

Modification

• receives phosphorylation from [SW|Spo0B], dephosphorylation by [SW|Spo0E], direct phosphorylation by [protein|search|KinC] upon potassium leakage [Pubmed|19114652]

Effectors of protein activity

• the phosphorylation state affects DNA binding activity
• interaction with [protein|search|MecA] inhibits the transcriptional activity of [SW|Spo0A]∼P [Pubmed|21435029]

Structure

• [PDB|1QMP] (with phosphorylated aspartate, ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus''), [PDB|1FC3] (trans-activation domain, ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus''), [PDB|1LQ1] (complex with DNA)

[SW|Interactions]

• [protein|search|KinC]-[SW|Spo0A] [Pubmed|19114652]
• [SW|Spo0A]-[SW|Spo0E] [Pubmed|12067336]
• [SW|Spo0A]-[protein|search|SigA] [Pubmed|14976210]
• [SW|Spo0A]-[SW|Spo0B]
• [protein|search|SinI]-[SW|Spo0A] [Pubmed|21326214]
• [protein|search|MecA]-[SW|Spo0A] [Pubmed|21435029]

Expression and Regulation

Operon

• ''spo0A'' [Pubmed|11254139]

[SW|Sigma factor]

• [protein|search|SigA] [Pubmed|11254139,1569009], [protein|search|SigH] [Pubmed|11254139,1569009]

Regulation

• repressed under conditions that trigger sporulation ([SW|Spo0A]) [Pubmed|1391039]
• repressed by casamino acids [Pubmed|15060025]
• repressed by [protein|search|SinR] overexpression [Pubmed|9685500]
• repressed by [protein|search|soj] [Pubmed|10852876]
• expression increases when drowth rate declines [Pubmed|21552330]

Regulatory mechanism

• [SW|Spo0A]: transcription repression [Pubmed|1391039]
• [SW|Spo0A] synthesis is subject to a post-transcriptional control mechanism such that translation of mRNAs originating from the [protein|search|SigA]-dependent promoter is impeded due to RNA secondary structure [Pubmed|21949067]

Biological materials

Mutant

• MGNA-C448 (spo0A::erm), available at the [https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/bsub/resource/strainGeneDisrupted/detail/2446 NBRP B. subtilis, Japan]
• BKG9 (''[SW|spo0A]''::''aphA3''), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
• SS995 (''[SW|spo0A]''::''ery'') [Pubmed|14761993]

Labs working on this gene/protein

• [SW|Tony Wilkinson], York University, U.K. [http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/chem/staff/ajw.html homepage]
• [SW|Imrich Barak], Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia [http://imb.savba.sk/~barak/ homepage]
• [SW|Charles Moran], Emory University, NC, USA [http://www.microbiology.emory.edu/moran_c.html homepage]

References

Reviews

• 19995980,20030732,20157337,11286862,20833318,20955377,22303284,24914187,26458398

The [SW|Spo0A regulon]

• 14651647,15687200

Other original Publications

• 14679239,1569009,20413551,20404177,19528067,19581368,8730857,2106683,3157992,11254139,12067336,10869437,16385044,9287005,8127878,9287022,8231806,1905258,16452424,2118505,8207022,12176382,9733708,11069677,12730135,2437099,8288522,16166384,9495766,2118512,26165942,1556084,18296515,7768874,3145384,19114652,20689749,1537790,9658000,8509330,14762002,1846779,2981817,9477965,8600030,18840696,1391039,14976210,19207565,11679073,12270811,11112444,18978066,20154131,14712656,17157871,15060025,9685500,10852876,21552330,22303282,22745669,23301687,23335417,23660663,25225273,25341802,26152584,23012477,23170957,23169620,22412392,21326214,21435029,21478340,21622736,21949067,21980382,22211522,23927765,24123822,27208661,27216630,27215790,27891124