Mfd

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  • Description: transcription-repair coupling factor, eliminates genetic damage from transcriptionally active genes during sporulation

Gene name mfd
Synonyms
Essential no
Product transcription-repair coupling factor
Function promotes strand-specific DNA repair by displacing

RNA polymerase stalled at a nucleotide lesion and directing

the (A)BC excinuclease to the RNA damage site

Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: mfd
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: Mfd
MW, pI 133 kDa, 5.367
Gene length, protein length 3531 bp, 1177 aa
Immediate neighbours fin, spoVT
Sequences Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context
Mfd context.gif
This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed
Mfd expression.png















Categories containing this gene/protein

DNA repair/ recombination, transcription

This gene is a member of the following regulons

The gene

Basic information

  • Locus tag: BSU00550

Phenotypes of a mutant

  • in an mfd knock-out, the cell's ability to accumulate adaptive mutations in stationary phase is depressed. PubMed
  • increased UV-induced mutagenesis via PolY1/ PolY2-mediated translesion synthesis PubMed
  • the mutation suppresses the mucoid phenotype of motA or motB mutants PubMed

Database entries

  • DBTBS entry: no entry
  • SubtiList entry: [1]

Additional information

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

  • Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
    • promotes strand-specific DNA repair by displacing RNA polymerase stalled at a nucleotide lesion and directing the (A)BC excinuclease to the RNA damage site
    • is required for roadblock transcription repression by transcription factors with binding sites downstream of the promoter (as for CcpA PubMed and CodY PubMed)
  • Protein family:
  • Paralogous protein(s): RecG

Extended information on the protein

  • Kinetic information:
  • Modification:
  • Effectors of protein activity:

Database entries

  • Structure:
    • 2EYQ (Mfd from E. coli) PubMed
    • 3MLQ (RNA polymerase interacting domain of Thermus thermophilus Mfd with the Thermus aquaticus RpoB beta1 domain) PubMed
  • KEGG entry: [2]
  • E.C. number:

Additional information

Expression and regulation

  • Operon:
  • Regulation:
  • Regulatory mechanism:
  • Additional information:

Biological materials

  • Expression vector:
  • lacZ fusion:
  • two-hybrid system:
  • Antibody:
  • Strep-tag construct: GP890 (spc, based on pGP1389), available in the Stülke lab

Labs working on this gene/protein

Your additional remarks

References

Reviews

Justin S Lenhart, Jeremy W Schroeder, Brian W Walsh, Lyle A Simmons
DNA repair and genome maintenance in Bacillus subtilis.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev: 2012, 76(3);530-64
[PubMed:22933559] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ann Ganesan, Graciela Spivak, Philip C Hanawalt
Transcription-coupled DNA repair in prokaryotes.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci: 2012, 110;25-40
[PubMed:22749141] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Eduardo A Robleto, Holly A Martin, Mario Pedraza-Reyes
Mfd and transcriptional derepression cause genetic diversity in Bacillus subtilis.
Front Biosci (Elite Ed): 2012, 4(4);1246-54
[PubMed:22201950] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Philip C Hanawalt, Graciela Spivak
Transcription-coupled DNA repair: two decades of progress and surprises.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol: 2008, 9(12);958-70
[PubMed:19023283] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Rodrigo S Galhardo, P J Hastings, Susan M Rosenberg
Mutation as a stress response and the regulation of evolvability.
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol: 2007, 42(5);399-435
[PubMed:17917874] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Alexandra M Deaconescu, Nigel Savery, Seth A Darst
The bacterial transcription repair coupling factor.
Curr Opin Struct Biol: 2007, 17(1);96-102
[PubMed:17239578] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

James J Truglio, Deborah L Croteau, Bennett Van Houten, Caroline Kisker
Prokaryotic nucleotide excision repair: the UvrABC system.
Chem Rev: 2006, 106(2);233-52
[PubMed:16464004] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Sergei Borukhov, Jookyung Lee, Oleg Laptenko
Bacterial transcription elongation factors: new insights into molecular mechanism of action.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 55(5);1315-24
[PubMed:15720542] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Jeffrey Roberts, Joo-Seop Park
Mfd, the bacterial transcription repair coupling factor: translocation, repair and termination.
Curr Opin Microbiol: 2004, 7(2);120-5
[PubMed:15063847] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

E C Friedberg
Relationships between DNA repair and transcription.
Annu Rev Biochem: 1996, 65;15-42
[PubMed:8811173] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

C P Selby, A Sancar
Mechanisms of transcription-repair coupling and mutation frequency decline.
Microbiol Rev: 1994, 58(3);317-29
[PubMed:7968917] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Original publications