HypR

• Description: MarR/DUF24 family transcription regulator, positively controls the nitroreductase gene hypO in response to disulfide stress
  
  

Gene name	hypR
Synonyms	yybR
Essential	no
Product	MarR/DUF24 family transcription regulator HypR
Function	control of the nitroreductase gene hypO in response to disulfide stress (diamide, NaOCl)
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: hypR
MW, pI	14 kDa, 8.415
Gene length, protein length	375 bp, 125 aa
Immediate neighbours	cotF, ppaC
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

transcription factors and their control, resistance against oxidative and electrophile stress

This gene is a member of the following regulons

HypR regulon

The HypR regulon:

• hypR, hypO

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU40540

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU40540

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

Additional information

• hypR is autoregulated by disulfide stress

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family: MarR/DUF24 family

• Paralogous protein(s): YdeP,YkvN

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information: Cys14 redox sensing Cys, has lower pKa of 6.36 PubMed

• Domains:
  • 5 alpha helices, 2 beta sheets, MarR-fold with wHTH motif, alpha4 major groove recognition helix, beta2 and 3 form the wing; alpha5 dimer interface PubMed

• Modification:
  • oxidized to Cys14-Cys49' intersubunit disulfides by disulfide stress PubMed
  • Cys14 and Cys49' are about 8-9 Angström apart in reduced HypR-Dimer, oxidation moves the major groove recognition alpha4 helices of the HypR dimer about 4 Angstroem towards each other that leads to activation of HypR PubMed

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:

• Localization:
  • cytoplasmic

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU40540

• Structure:
  • 4A5N (reduced HypRC14S dimer) PubMed
  • 4A5M (oxidized HypR C14-C49' intersubunit disulfide-linked dimer ) PubMed

• UniProt: P37486

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: hypR PubMed

• Expression browser: hypR PubMed

• Sigma factor:

• Regulation:
  • activated by disulfide stress conditions (diamide, NaOCl) in vivo and in vitro (autoregulation) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • HypR: transcription activation (autoregulation)PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

• Haike Antelmann,University of Greifswald, Germany

References

Reviews

Antelmann H, Helmann JD.
Thiol-based redox switches and gene regulation.
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011,14:1049-63.
PubMed

Original articles

Palm GJ, Khanh Chi B, Waack P, Gronau K, Becher D, Albrecht D, Hinrichs W, Read RJ, Antelmann H.
Structural insights into the redox-switch mechanism of the MarR/DUF24-type regulator HypR.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2012, Jan 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PubMed