Fnr

• Description: transcriptional regulator of anaerobic genes
  
  

Gene name	fnr
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	transcription regulator (Crp family)
Function	regulation of anaerobiosis, fermentation and overflow metabolism
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: fnr
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: Alternative nitrogen sources
MW, pI	27 kDa, 5.989
Gene length, protein length	714 bp, 238 aa
Immediate neighbours	ywiC, narK
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

regulators of electron transport, transcription factors and their control

This gene is a member of the following regulons

Fnr regulon, NsrR regulon, ResD regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU37310

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity: contains an iron-sulfur cluster

• Interactions:

• Localization: cytoplasm (according to Swiss-Prot)

Database entries

• Structure:

• UniProt: P46908

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon:
  • narK-fnr PubMed
  • fnr PubMed

• Expression browser: fnr PubMed

• Sigma factor:
  • narK: SigA PubMed
  • fnr: SigA PubMed

• Regulation:
  • narK: expressed under anaerobic conditions (Fnr) PubMed
  • fnr: expressed under anaerobic conditions (ResD) PubMed
  • induced by nitric oxide under anaerobic conditions (NsrR) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • ResD: transcription activation PubMed
  • NsrR: transcription repression PubMed
  • Fnr: transcription activation PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Reviews

Elisabeth Härtig, Dieter Jahn
Regulation of the anaerobic metabolism in Bacillus subtilis.
Adv Microb Physiol: 2012, 61;195-216
[PubMed:23046954] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

The Fnr regulon

Heike Reents, Richard Münch, Thorben Dammeyer, Dieter Jahn, Elisabeth Härtig
The Fnr regulon of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2006, 188(3);1103-12
[PubMed:16428414] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Other original publications

Ines Gruner, Claudia Frädrich, Lars H Böttger, Alfred X Trautwein, Dieter Jahn, Elisabeth Härtig
Aspartate 141 is the fourth ligand of the oxygen-sensing [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster of Bacillus subtilis transcriptional regulator Fnr.
J Biol Chem: 2011, 286(3);2017-21
[PubMed:21068385] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Michiko M Nakano, Hao Geng, Shunji Nakano, Kazuo Kobayashi
The nitric oxide-responsive regulator NsrR controls ResDE-dependent gene expression.
J Bacteriol: 2006, 188(16);5878-87
[PubMed:16885456] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M M Nakano, Y Zhu, M Lacelle, X Zhang, F M Hulett
Interaction of ResD with regulatory regions of anaerobically induced genes in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2000, 37(5);1198-207
[PubMed:10972836] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M M Nakano, P Zuber, P Glaser, A Danchin, F M Hulett
Two-component regulatory proteins ResD-ResE are required for transcriptional activation of fnr upon oxygen limitation in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1996, 178(13);3796-802
[PubMed:8682783] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

H Cruz Ramos, L Boursier, I Moszer, F Kunst, A Danchin, P Glaser
Anaerobic transcription activation in Bacillus subtilis: identification of distinct FNR-dependent and -independent regulatory mechanisms.
EMBO J: 1995, 14(23);5984-94
[PubMed:8846791] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)