AlsS

• Description: acetolactate synthase
  
  

Gene name	alsS
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	acetolactate synthase)
Function	overflow metabolism
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: Central C-metabolism
MW, pI	61 kDa, 5.164
Gene length, protein length	1713 bp, 571 aa
Immediate neighbours	alsD, alsR
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU36010

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: 2 pyruvate = 2-acetolactate + CO₂ (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Protein family: TPP enzyme family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure:

• Swiss prot entry: Q04789

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number: 2.2.1.6

Expression and regulation

• Operon: alsS-alsD PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed

• Regulation:
  • induction by acetate (AlsR) PubMed
  • repressed as long as terminal electron acceptors are available for respiration (Rex) PubMed

Note: since acetate formation requires ackA activation by CcpA there is an indirect effect of CcpA on the alsSD operon: the operon is not expressed in ccpA mutants

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • AlsR: transcription activation in the presence of acetate PubMed
  • Rex: transcription repression if the ratio NADH2/NAD is high PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Susana Romero-Garcia, Claudia Hernández-Bustos, Enrique Merino, Guillermo Gosset, Alfredo Martinez
Homolactic fermentation from glucose and cellobiose using Bacillus subtilis.
Microb Cell Fact: 2009, 8;23
[PubMed:19383131] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Takashi Inaoka, Takenori Satomura, Yasutaro Fujita, Kozo Ochi
Novel gene regulation mediated by overproduction of secondary metabolite neotrehalosadiamine in Bacillus subtilis.
FEMS Microbiol Lett: 2009, 291(2);151-6
[PubMed:19087206] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Heike Reents, Richard Münch, Thorben Dammeyer, Dieter Jahn, Elisabeth Härtig
The Fnr regulon of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2006, 188(3);1103-12
[PubMed:16428414] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

A J Turinsky, T R Moir-Blais, F J Grundy, T M Henkin
Bacillus subtilis ccpA gene mutants specifically defective in activation of acetoin biosynthesis.
J Bacteriol: 2000, 182(19);5611-4
[PubMed:10986270] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M C Renna, N Najimudin, L R Winik, S A Zahler
Regulation of the Bacillus subtilis alsS, alsD, and alsR genes involved in post-exponential-phase production of acetoin.
J Bacteriol: 1993, 175(12);3863-75
[PubMed:7685336] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)