LeuA
- Description: 2-isopropylmalate synthase
Gene name | leuA |
Synonyms | |
Essential | no |
Product | 2-isopropylmalate synthase |
Function | biosynthesis of leucine |
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: leuA | |
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: leuA | |
MW, pI | 56 kDa, 5.657 |
Gene length, protein length | 1554 bp, 518 aa |
Immediate neighbours | leuB, ilvC |
Sequences | Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks |
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
| |
Expression at a glance PubMed |
Contents
Categories containing this gene/protein
biosynthesis/ acquisition of amino acids, membrane proteins, most abundant proteins
This gene is a member of the following regulons
CcpA regulon, CodY regulon, T-box, TnrA regulon
The gene
Basic information
- Locus tag: BSU28280
Phenotypes of a mutant
Database entries
- BsubCyc: BSU28280
- DBTBS entry: [1]
- SubtiList entry: [2]
Additional information
The protein
Basic information/ Evolution
- Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: Acetyl-CoA + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H2O = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + CoA (according to Swiss-Prot)
- Protein family: LeuA type 1 subfamily (according to Swiss-Prot)
- Paralogous protein(s):
Extended information on the protein
- Kinetic information:
- Modification:
- Effectors of protein activity:
- Localization:
- cytoplasm (according to Swiss-Prot), membrane PubMed
Database entries
- BsubCyc: BSU28280
- Structure: 3EEG (from Cytophaga hutchinsonii atcc 33406, 53% identity, 68% similarity)
- UniProt: P94565
- KEGG entry: [3]
- E.C. number: 2.3.3.13
Additional information
- subject to Clp-dependent proteolysis upon glucose starvation PubMed
Expression and regulation
- Regulation:
- for a complete overview on the regulation of the ilv operon, see Brinsmade et al.
- repressed by casamino acids PubMed
- expression is stimulated in the presence of glucose PubMed
- repressed in the absence of good nitrogen sources (glutamine or ammonium) (TnrA) PubMed
- repressed during growth in the presence of branched chain amino acids (CodY, T-box) PubMed
- Regulatory mechanism:
- Additional information:
- subject to Clp-dependent proteolysis upon glucose starvation PubMed
- An antisense RNA is predicted forleuA PubMed
- belongs to the 100 most abundant proteins PubMed
- number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium): 1515 PubMed
- number of protein molecules per cell (complex medium with amino acids, without glucose): 345 PubMed
- number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, exponential phase): 3390 PubMed
- number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, early stationary phase after glucose exhaustion): 1505 PubMed
- number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium, late stationary phase after glucose exhaustion): 522 PubMed
Biological materials
- Mutant:
- Expression vector:
- lacZ fusion:
- GFP fusion:
- two-hybrid system:
- Antibody:
Labs working on this gene/protein
Your additional remarks
References
Allison Kriel, Shaun R Brinsmade, Jessica L Tse, Ashley K Tehranchi, Alycia N Bittner, Abraham L Sonenshein, Jue D Wang
GTP dysregulation in Bacillus subtilis cells lacking (p)ppGpp results in phenotypic amino acid auxotrophy and failure to adapt to nutrient downshift and regulate biosynthesis genes.
J Bacteriol: 2014, 196(1);189-201
[PubMed:24163341]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Shaun R Brinsmade, Roelco J Kleijn, Uwe Sauer, Abraham L Sonenshein
Regulation of CodY activity through modulation of intracellular branched-chain amino acid pools.
J Bacteriol: 2010, 192(24);6357-68
[PubMed:20935095]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Irnov Irnov, Cynthia M Sharma, Jörg Vogel, Wade C Winkler
Identification of regulatory RNAs in Bacillus subtilis.
Nucleic Acids Res: 2010, 38(19);6637-51
[PubMed:20525796]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Ana Gutiérrez-Preciado, Tina M Henkin, Frank J Grundy, Charles Yanofsky, Enrique Merino
Biochemical features and functional implications of the RNA-based T-box regulatory mechanism.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev: 2009, 73(1);36-61
[PubMed:19258532]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Hannes Hahne, Susanne Wolff, Michael Hecker, Dörte Becher
From complementarity to comprehensiveness--targeting the membrane proteome of growing Bacillus subtilis by divergent approaches.
Proteomics: 2008, 8(19);4123-36
[PubMed:18763711]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Shigeo Tojo, Takenori Satomura, Kanako Kumamoto, Kazutake Hirooka, Yasutaro Fujita
Molecular mechanisms underlying the positive stringent response of the Bacillus subtilis ilv-leu operon, involved in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids.
J Bacteriol: 2008, 190(18);6134-47
[PubMed:18641142]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Shigeo Tojo, Takenori Satomura, Kaori Morisaki, Ken-Ichi Yoshida, Kazutake Hirooka, Yasutaro Fujita
Negative transcriptional regulation of the ilv-leu operon for biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids through the Bacillus subtilis global regulator TnrA.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(23);7971-9
[PubMed:15547269]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(P p)
Christine Eymann, Annette Dreisbach, Dirk Albrecht, Jörg Bernhardt, Dörte Becher, Sandy Gentner, Le Thi Tam, Knut Büttner, Gerrit Buurman, Christian Scharf, Simone Venz, Uwe Völker, Michael Hecker
A comprehensive proteome map of growing Bacillus subtilis cells.
Proteomics: 2004, 4(10);2849-76
[PubMed:15378759]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(P p)
Ulrike Mäder, Susanne Hennig, Michael Hecker, Georg Homuth
Transcriptional organization and posttranscriptional regulation of the Bacillus subtilis branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis genes.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(8);2240-52
[PubMed:15060025]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(P p)
Virginie Molle, Yoshiko Nakaura, Robert P Shivers, Hirotake Yamaguchi, Richard Losick, Yasutaro Fujita, Abraham L Sonenshein
Additional targets of the Bacillus subtilis global regulator CodY identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation and genome-wide transcript analysis.
J Bacteriol: 2003, 185(6);1911-22
[PubMed:12618455]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(P p)
Holger Ludwig, Christoph Meinken, Anastasija Matin, Jörg Stülke
Insufficient expression of the ilv-leu operon encoding enzymes of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis limits growth of a Bacillus subtilis ccpA mutant.
J Bacteriol: 2002, 184(18);5174-8
[PubMed:12193635]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(P p)
Ulrike Mäder, Georg Homuth, Christian Scharf, Knut Büttner, Rüdiger Bode, Michael Hecker
Transcriptome and proteome analysis of Bacillus subtilis gene expression modulated by amino acid availability.
J Bacteriol: 2002, 184(15);4288-95
[PubMed:12107147]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(P p)
F J Grundy, T M Henkin
Conservation of a transcription antitermination mechanism in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and amino acid biosynthesis genes in gram-positive bacteria.
J Mol Biol: 1994, 235(2);798-804
[PubMed:8289305]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(P p)