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glnA [Mon Oct 17 2016 15:38:59 GMT+0200 (CEST)]
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glnA [Mon Oct 17 2016 15:38:59 GMT+0200 (CEST)]

trigger enzyme: glutamine synthetase and effector of TnrA and GlnR
locus
BSU17460
pI
4.00
mw
50.00 kDa
function
glutamine biosynthesis, control of TnrA and GlnR activity
product
trigger enzyme: glutamine synthetase
essential
no
ec
6.3.1.2
synonyms
Outlinks
KEGGBsubCycSubtiListUniProtExpression Browser

Genomic Context

      

categories

  • [category|SW 2|Metabolism] → [category|SW 2.3|Amino acid/ nitrogen metabolism] → [category|SW 2.3.1|Biosynthesis/ acquisition of amino acids] → [category|SW 2.3.1.1|Biosynthesis/ acquisition of glutamate/ glutamine/ ammonium assimilation]
  • [category|SW 3|Information processing] → [category|SW 3.4|Regulation of gene expression] → [category|SW 3.4.2|Transcription factors and their control] → [category|SW 3.4.2.7|Control of transcription factor (other than two-component system)]
  • [category|SW 3|Information processing] → [category|SW 3.4|Regulation of gene expression] → [category|SW 3.4.3|Trigger enzyme] → [category|SW 3.4.3.2|Trigger enzymes that control gene expression by protein-protein interaction with transcription factors]
  • [category|SW 6|Groups of genes] → [category|SW 6.4|Phosphoproteins] → [category|SW 6.4.8|Phosphorylation on either a Ser, Thr or Tyr residue]

    • [SW|Categories] containing this gene/protein

  • [SW|biosynthesis/ acquisition of amino acids], [SW|glutamate metabolism], [SW|transcription factors and their control], [SW|trigger enzyme], [SW|phosphoproteins], [SW|most abundant proteins]

    • This gene is a member of the following [SW|regulons]

  • [SW|GlnR regulon], [SW|TnrA regulon]

    • Gene

    Coordinates on the chromosome (coding sequence)
    1,878,425 -> 1,879,759

    Phenotypes of a mutant

  • auxotrophic for glutamine

    • The protein

    Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity

  • ATP L-glutamate NH3 = ADP phosphate L-glutamine (according to Swiss-Prot)

    • Protein family

  • glutamine synthetase family (according to Swiss-Prot)

    • Kinetic information

  • K(M) for: Glu: 27 mM, ATP: 2.4 mM, ammonium: 0.18 mM; v(max): 3.7 µmol/min/mg

    • [SW|Domains]

  • glutamate binding flap (aa 300 ... 306: protects unstable intermediates from abberant hydrolysis)

    • Modification

  • phosphorylated on ser/ thr/ tyr [Pubmed|16493705]
  • ''in vitro'' phosphorylated by [protein|search|PrkC] on Thr-26, Thr-147, Ser-207, and Thr-286 [Pubmed|20389117]

    • [SW|Cofactors]

  • Mg(2 )

    • Effectors of protein activity

  • feedback inhibition by glutamine, glutamine binds the entrance site for glutamate
  • activity is inhibited upon interaction with [protein|search|TnrA] [Pubmed|23535029]

    • Structure

  • [PDB|4LNN] (apo-GS) [Pubmed|24158439]
  • [PDB|3QAJ] (complex with ATP)
  • [http://pdb.org/pdb/search/structidSearch.do?structureId=4s0r 4S0R] (the [protein|search|TnrA]-[protein|search|GlnA] complex) [Pubmed|25691471]
  • [PDB|A general discussion of GS structure]

    • [SW|Localization]

  • cytoplasm (according to Swiss-Prot)

    • [SW|Interactions]

  • [protein|search|TnrA]-[protein|search|GlnA] [Pubmed|11719184]
  • [protein|search|GlnR]-[protein|search|GlnA] [Pubmed|18195355], (only the feedback-inhibited enzyme interacts with [protein|search|TnrA] and [protein|search|GlnR])
  • [protein|search|GlnA]-[protein|search|NrgB] [Pubmed|21435182]
  • forms dodecamers [Pubmed|24158439]

    • Additional information

  • GlnA is a homooligomer of 12 subunits

    • Expression and Regulation

    Operon

  • ''[protein|search|glnR]-[protein|search|glnA]'' [Pubmed|8636055]

    • [SW|Sigma factor]

  • [protein|search|SigA] [Pubmed|2906311]

    • Regulation

  • expressed in the absence of glutamine ([protein|search|GlnR]) [Pubmed|8636055]
  • repressed in the absence of good nitrogen sources (glutamine or ammonium) ([protein|search|TnrA]) [Pubmed|8799114]

    • Regulatory mechanism

  • [protein|search|GlnR]-[protein|search|GlnA] complex: transcription repression [Pubmed|8636055]
  • [protein|search|TnrA]: transcription repression [Pubmed|8799114]

    • Additional information

  • belongs to the 100 [SW|most abundant proteins] [PubMed|15378759]
  • the mRNA is cleaved by [rnc|search|RNase III] [PubMed|26883633]

    • Biological materials

    Mutant

  • GP247 (''glnA::cat''), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
  • BP148 (del(''[protein|search|glnR]-[protein|search|glnA]'')::''cat''), available in [SW|Fabian Commichau]'s lab
  • GP1883 (del(''[protein|search|glnR]-[protein|search|glnA]'')::''ermC''), available in [SW|Fabian Commichau]'s and [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s labs

    • Expression vector

  • expression/ purification from ''E. coli'', with N-terminal Strep-tag (in [SW|pGP172]): pGP174, available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab
  • pGP177 (N-terminal Strep-tag, purification from ''B. subtilis'', for [SW|SPINE], in [SW|pBQ200]), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab

    • lacZ fusion

  • ''[protein|search|glnR]-lacZ'': pGP189 (in [protein|search|pAC7]), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab

    • Antibody

  • available in [SW|Karl Forchhammer]'s lab

    • Labs working on this gene/protein

  • [SW|Susan Fisher], Boston, USA [http://www.bumc.bu.edu/microbiology/research/susan-h-fisher-phd/ homepage]

    • References

    Reviews

  • 10231480,18086213,22625175

    • Original publications

  • 19233925,20389117,8799114,18195355,11719184,12139611,2573733,8636055,19233925,16493705,16885465,6141156,2906311,20656908,16055443,25755103,18331450,16547045,8093698,21435182,23535029,24158439,15378759,25691471,26635369,26883633