minD

[SW|cell division] inhibitor (septum placement), part of the Min system (with Z ring placement), required for the disassembly of polar [protein|41872E2EF00C79918DD077F2EF78F37E24FEB110|Z rings] after [SW|cell division]

locus: BSU_27990

pI: 4.98

mw: 29.26 kDa

protein length: 268 aa

gene length: 807 bp

function: septum placement

product: [SW|cell division] inhibitor

essential: no

synonyms: divIVB1

Genomic Context

categories

• [category|SW 1|Cellular processes] → [category|SW 1.1|Cell envelope and cell division] → [category|SW 1.1.8|Cell division] → [category|SW 1.1.8.1|The Min system]
• [category|SW 4|Lifestyles] → [category|SW 4.3|Coping with stress] → [category|SW 4.3.2|Cell envelope stress proteins (controlled by SigM, V, W, X, Y)]
• [category|SW 6|Groups of genes] → [category|SW 6.2|Membrane proteins]

Gene

Coordinates: 2,857,776 2,858,582

Phenotypes of a mutant

• produces minicells [pubmed|32184253]
• a ''[gene|1986DB3078FBA16D6ACCD70EEAC95C46564D0958|whiA] [gene|8C94C9598A823A8405B3E1FA0124E21D90845B8E|minC]-[gene|37DAD42A391E2FC506225EAF91B8F21629A401DF|minD]'' mutant grows poorly, and the cells are filamentous [Pubmed|24097947]

The protein

Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity

• The Min system prevents minicell formation adjacent to recently completed division sites by promoting the disassembly of the cytokinetic ring, thereby ensuring that cell division occurs only once per cell cycle [Pubmed|20352045]
• required for oriC placement during spore development [Pubmed|27059541]

Protein family

• ParA family (with [protein|D6D34E68FB3BAAACB533F98290FD363A5B00B2C6|FlhG] and [protein|5B3DB5A796ACA48390278E60478DFF13D0074A8D|ParA], according to UniProt)

Structure

• [PDB|4V03] (from ''Aquifex aeolicus'', 51% identity) [Pubmed|25500731]

[SW|Localization]

• polar/ septal at the cell membrane [Pubmed|20566861]
• membrane binding/ polar localization depends on the proton motive force [Pubmed|20566861]

Expression and Regulation

Operons

• genes: [gene|A4C8719E06F774A6EB4D79757CC79CF89E453A54|mreB]-[gene|6A14D0C7FD94A838BAB3B74AA100EA678F1E4E34|mreC]-[gene|231C30963AFB863424C087CB722446D319976D65|mreD]-[gene|8C94C9598A823A8405B3E1FA0124E21D90845B8E|minC]-[gene|37DAD42A391E2FC506225EAF91B8F21629A401DF|minD]
  description: [Pubmed|8459776]

  sigma factors

  • [protein|360F48D576DE950DF79C1A2677B7A35A8D8CC30C|SigA]: sigma factor, promoter p1, upstream of [protein|49D996C9AED44A820A214C3DF60AB1B6E1508DEA|Maf] [Pubmed|26091431], in [regulon|360F48D576DE950DF79C1A2677B7A35A8D8CC30C|SigA regulon]
  • [protein|081DF3EE9FA56209D648C7677188C61CE3AA8E41|SigM]: sigma factor, promoter p2, within [protein|49D996C9AED44A820A214C3DF60AB1B6E1508DEA|Maf] [Pubmed|18179421], in [regulon|081DF3EE9FA56209D648C7677188C61CE3AA8E41|SigM regulon]
  • [protein|DC3449D5F195E5C2E9E14FEC95396C8F1FDF73B4|SigH]: sigma factor, promoter p4, upstream of [protein|8C94C9598A823A8405B3E1FA0124E21D90845B8E|MinC] [Pubmed|8459776], in [regulon|DC3449D5F195E5C2E9E14FEC95396C8F1FDF73B4|SigH regulon]

  regulatory mechanism

  • [protein|08CFA2C72931A75532D4289BC1D18A826DE9F9CA|ComK]: activation, [Pubmed|26091431], in [regulon|08CFA2C72931A75532D4289BC1D18A826DE9F9CA|ComK regulon]

  regulation

  • constitutively expressed [Pubmed|23701187]

• genes: [gene|8C94C9598A823A8405B3E1FA0124E21D90845B8E|minC]-[gene|37DAD42A391E2FC506225EAF91B8F21629A401DF|minD]
  description: [Pubmed|8459776]

  regulation

  • constitutively expressed [Pubmed|23701187]

• genes: [gene|49D996C9AED44A820A214C3DF60AB1B6E1508DEA|maf]-[gene|2BD11D71AA6D9EFAD8A209C8813CC8B059180C84|radC]-[gene|A4C8719E06F774A6EB4D79757CC79CF89E453A54|mreB]-[gene|6A14D0C7FD94A838BAB3B74AA100EA678F1E4E34|mreC]-[gene|231C30963AFB863424C087CB722446D319976D65|mreD]-[gene|8C94C9598A823A8405B3E1FA0124E21D90845B8E|minC]-[gene|37DAD42A391E2FC506225EAF91B8F21629A401DF|minD]
  description: [Pubmed|22383849]

  sigma factors

  • [protein|081DF3EE9FA56209D648C7677188C61CE3AA8E41|SigM]: sigma factor, promoter p2 within [protein|49D996C9AED44A820A214C3DF60AB1B6E1508DEA|Maf] [Pubmed|18179421], in [regulon|081DF3EE9FA56209D648C7677188C61CE3AA8E41|SigM regulon]
  • [protein|360F48D576DE950DF79C1A2677B7A35A8D8CC30C|SigA]: sigma factor, promoter p1, upstream of [protein|49D996C9AED44A820A214C3DF60AB1B6E1508DEA|Maf] [Pubmed|26091431], in [regulon|360F48D576DE950DF79C1A2677B7A35A8D8CC30C|SigA regulon]

  regulatory mechanism

  • [protein|08CFA2C72931A75532D4289BC1D18A826DE9F9CA|ComK]: activation, [Pubmed|11948146,11918817,21564336], in [regulon|08CFA2C72931A75532D4289BC1D18A826DE9F9CA|ComK regulon]

  regulation

  • constitutively expressed [Pubmed|23701187]

Biological materials

Mutant

• BKE27990 ([gene|37DAD42A391E2FC506225EAF91B8F21629A401DF|minD]::erm trpC2) available at [http://www.bgsc.org/getdetail.php?bgscid=BKE27990 BGSC], [Pubmed|28189581], upstream reverse: _UP1_AGTTATTACGATAGCCTCAC, downstream forward: _UP4_TAATGTGATAGAATCAAAGA
• BKK27990 ([gene|37DAD42A391E2FC506225EAF91B8F21629A401DF|minD]::kan trpC2) available at [http://www.bgsc.org/getdetail.php?bgscid=BKK27990 BGSC], [Pubmed|28189581], upstream reverse: _UP1_AGTTATTACGATAGCCTCAC, downstream forward: _UP4_TAATGTGATAGAATCAAAGA

two-hybrid system

• ''B. pertussis'' adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system ([SW|BACTH]), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab

References

Reviews

• 26286503,19884039,24367361,28697666

Original Publications

• 8459776,19019154,11886553,9808628,1400224,12368265,10411726,15317782,12492861,20352045,11886553,20566861,18179421,21821766,22457634,21926231,24097947,25374563,25500731,22383849,26091431,27059541,28674273,30092000,32184253